We review crown ether-facilitated nucleophilic reactions using metal salts, presenting the studies kinetic measurements and quantum chemical methods. focus on mechanistic features, specifically contact ion-pair (CIP) mechanism of salts for processes promoted by ethers derivatives. Experimental verification CIP form salt CsF complexed with [18-Crown-6] H-NMR spectroscopy is described. The use ch...

This study included the selection of three stations, two them on Tigris River passing through city Samarra, and second station representing industrial wastewater - Samarra. The period was for six months, starting from October 2021 until March 2022. knowing chemical, physical biological properties plant river water observing effect quality in River. chemical factors pH, dissolved oxygen requirem...

Graphene has exceptional electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties, which provide it with great potential for use in electronic, optoelectronic and sensing applications. The chemical functionalization of graphene has been investigated with a view to controlling its electronic properties and interactions with other materials. Covalent modification of graphene by organic diazonium sa...

New chemicals, based on the synergistic effect between inorganic polyaluminium salts and organic cationic polyelectrolytes, have been tested for the chemical optimization of a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit, used as internal treatment of process waters in a paper mill based on 100% recovered paper. Laboratory tests have demonstrated that polyamine modifications of the aluminium salts are th...

Prion diseases are associated with the conversion of cellular prion protein, PrPC, into a misfolded oligomeric form, PrPSc. Previous studies indicate that salts promote conformational conversion of the recombinant prion protein into a PrPSc-like form. To gain insight into the mechanism of this effect, here we have studied the influence of a number of salts (sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride, sodi...

Detergents including fatty acid salts act as surface-active agents and thus possibly damage the plasma membrane structures of aquatic organisms. Therefore, when excess, the house-used and industrial outflows of such detergents into aquatic environments may have considerable impacts on the ecosystem. In this study, we propose the use of green paramecia (Paramecium bursaria) for assessing the acu...

In a previous communication (Katz and Lipsitz, 1935), the effect of a certain synthetic surface-active material on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis was discussed; this work has now been extended to include three more compounds, varying in chemical structure. These materials possess substantially the same properties as the alkylated naphthalene sulfonate originally employed, i.e., remarkabl...

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) rereviewed the safety of 12 isethionate salts as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration, when formulated to be nonirritating. These isethionate salts are reported to function mostly as surfactants and cleansing agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed the a...

The incorporation of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into ionic crystals of various salts (NaCl, KCl, KBr, etc.) is demonstrated. The resulting mixed crystals of various shapes and beautiful colors preserve the strong luminescence of the incorporated QDs. Moreover, the ionic salts appear to be very tight matrices, ensuring the protection of the QDs from the environment and as a result providing th...