Sea spray aerosols (SSA) are known to have an organic coating that is mainly composed of fatty acids. In this study, the effect of pH and salt on the stability and organization of a palmitic acid (PA) monolayer is investigated by surface vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Results indicate that alkyl chain packing becomes more disordered as the carboxylic headgroup beco...

0017-9310/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.02.038 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 203 432 4384; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (A. G The challenge of effectively removing high heat flux from microelectronic chips may hinder future advancements in the semiconductor industry. Spray cooling is a promising solution to dissipate high heat ...

In cookware industry, interior spray coating process is an important process to protect the cookware product from the corrosion. In this process, the coating material “TEFLON” is used to spray to cover all the part’s surface. If a pot or pan is not too deep, one spray gun is enough to spray to cover all the interior surface. However, for the high side-wall pot, two spray guns must be used to sp...

As an alternative to the traditional indium tin oxide transparent electrode, solution-processed metal nanowire thin film has been a promising candidate due to its flexibility. However, high contact resistance between the nanowires remains a major challenge to improve the performance. Here, we have investigated a one-step process of coating and welding of nanowires on flexible film. An electric ...

objective(s): iscomatrix vaccines have now been shown to induce strong antigen-specific cellular or humoral immune responses to a broad range of antigens of viral, bacterial, parasite or tumor. in the present study, we investigated the role of iscomatrix charge in induction of a th1 type of immune response and protection against leishmania major infection in balb/c mice.  materials and methods:...

Commercially available controls for reducing worker exposure to paint overspray were evaluated in six autobody shops and a spray-painting equipment manufacturer's test facility. Engineering control measures included spray-painting booths, vehicle preparation stations, and spray-painting guns. The controls were evaluated by measuring particulate overspray concentrations in the worker's breathing...

Droplet transport processes that occur in fuel sprays and spray flames were examined using laser velocimetry, phase Doppler interferometry, and laser sheet beam photography. Droplet size and velocity (axial and radial) distributions were obtained in a swirl-stabilized, pressure-atomized kerosene spray under nonburning and burning conditions. The results show that the introduction of swirl to th...

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 spray painters and 35 control subjects to evaluate neurobehavioral function, and thyroid and reproductive hormones profile. This study indicated higher prevalence of psychological and neurological symptoms, and clinical findings among spray painters when compared with controls. Levels of TSH were significantly (p<0.01) elevated in spray painters over ...

There are many ways to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions. However, NOx emission is difficult to reduce because the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration in a diesel engine is not sufficient for NOx conversion. Therefore, in order to create stoichiometric conditions in the De-NOx catalyst, a secondary injection system is designed to inject liquid HC into the exhaust pipe. The atomization and distr...

arterial blood gas (abg) sampling is a painful procedure with no perfect technique for quelling the discomfort. an ideal local anesthesia should be rapid, easy to learn, inexpensive, and noninvasive. this study was aimed to compare pain levels from abg sampling performed with vapocoolant spray in comparison to placebo. we hypothesized that pretreatment with the vapocoolant would reduce the pain...