Pioneering studies have been conducted to reveal the functional characteristics of the two-pump system of the female mosquito. Mosquitoes are equipped with two pumping organs located in the head: the cibarial (CP) and the pharyngeal (PP) pumps. To analyze the functional relationship of these pumps during the blood-sucking process, micro-particle image velocimetry (PIV) and synchrotron X-ray mic...

The effects of inhibition and stimulation of the electrogenic Na pump and of altering the ionic environment on the electrical control activity (ECA) were studied in rabbit jejunal smooth muscle. Pump inhibition abolished the ECA at a time when the membrane potential was more negative than the peak depolarization of the control potential (CP). Pump stimulation hyperpolarized the membrane and CP'...

A new charge pump circuit has been proposed to suppress the return-back leakage current without suffering the gate-oxide reliability problem in low-voltage CMOS process. The four-phase clocks were used to control the charge-transfer devices turning on and turning off alternately to suppress the return-back leakage current. A test chip has been implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process to verify the p...

A new organization of switched capacitor charge pump circuits based on voltage doubler structures is presented in this paper. Each voltage doubler takes a DC input and outputs a doubled DC voltage. By cascading n voltage doublers the output voltage increases up to 2 times. A two phase and a multiphase voltage doubler structures are proposed and their properties discussed. The multiphase voltage...

Conventional charge pump circuits use a fixed switching frequency that leads to power efficiency degradation for loading less than the rated loading. This paper proposes a level shifter design that also functions as a frequency converter to automatically vary the switching frequency of a dual charge pump circuit according to the loading. The switching frequency is designed to be 25 kHz with 12 ...

This paper presents a novel charge pump scheme, which combines the advantages of Fibonacci and Dickson charge pumps together, to obtain 30 V voltage for display driver IC application. This design only needs four external capacitors, which is more suitable for smaller package application such as smart card display. By using a voltage doubler charge pump with a pulse skip regulator, high amplitud...

A novel single electron pump based on individual molecules (a single wall carbon nanotube) is discussed in terms of the hybrid superconducting-normal conducting pumping principle. A concept demonstration device has been built based on a carbon nanotube contacted by Nb-Ti leads. Charge current quantization is achieved through rf modulation of the back gate voltage. The device is able to transfer...

In this paper, we introduce a high-speed and low power Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) that is designed using modified TSPC (True Single-Phase Clock) positive edge triggered D flip-flop. This PFD has a simpler structure with using only 19 transistors. The operation range of this PFD is over 1.2Ghz without additional prescaler circuits. Furthermore, the PFD has a dead zone less than 0.01ns in the...