T HE SURFACE CHARGE OF MAMMALIAN CELLS is considered to be one of several factors determining the balance between attractive and repulsive forces that operate between the cell periphery and other surfaces of potential contact.1’2 The surface-charge density of the leukocyte may be important in determining surface characteristics such as adhesiveness, deformability, and pseudopod formation. Varia...

T HE SURFACE CHARGE OF MAMMALIAN CELLS is considered to be one of several factors determining the balance between attractive and repulsive forces that operate between the cell periphery and other surfaces of potential contact.1’2 The surface-charge density of the leukocyte may be important in determining surface characteristics such as adhesiveness, deformability, and pseudopod formation. Varia...

T HE SURFACE CHARGE OF MAMMALIAN CELLS is considered to be one of several factors determining the balance between attractive and repulsive forces that operate between the cell periphery and other surfaces of potential contact.1’2 The surface-charge density of the leukocyte may be important in determining surface characteristics such as adhesiveness, deformability, and pseudopod formation. Varia...

CHARGE syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly disorder that leads to life-threatening birth defects, such as choanal atresia and cardiac malformations as well as multiple sensory impairments, that affect hearing, vision, olfaction and balance. CHARGE is caused by heterozygous mutations in CHD7, which encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme. Identification of the mechanisms under...

A finite difference upwind discretization scheme in two dimensions is presented in detail for the transient simulation of the highly coupled non-linear partial differential equations of the full hydrodynamic model, providing thereby a practical engineering tool for improved charge carrier transport simulations at high electric fields and frequencies. The discretization scheme preserves the cons...

Light-driven electron transfer reactions cause the active accumulation of protons inside thylakoids, yet at steady state the electrical potential difference across the thylakoid membrane is very small; therefore, there must be a flux of other ions to balance the charge that would otherwise be built up by the net movement of H(+). This paper presents direct measurements of ion movements through ...

The N-terminal six-transmembrane domain (TM) bundle of lactose permease of Escherichia coli is uniformly inverted when assembled in membranes lacking phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Inversion is dependent on the net charge of cytoplasmically exposed protein domains containing positive and negative residues, net charge of the membrane surface, and low hydrophobicity of TM VII acting as a molecula...

We investigate and quantify the effects of pH and salt concentration on the charge regulation of the bacteriophage PP7 capsid. These effects are found to be extremely important and substantial, introducing qualitative changes in the charge state of the capsid such as a transition from net-positive to net-negative charge depending on the solution pH. The overall charge of the virus capsid arises...

Ion mobility measurements have been used to examine the geometries of naked BPTI (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor) and cytochrome c ions in the gas phase, as a function of charge. For BPTI, the measured cross sections are close to those estimated for the native solution-phase conformation. Furthermore, gas-phase BPTI retains its compact structure when collisionally heated. These results are...