this article reviewed the addictive substance programmes in iran and around the world. for this aim method, some of studies regarding epidemiology of substance abuse in iran and demographic characteristics of iranian substance abusers were reviewed. these studies revealed that although the rate of substance abuse in iran were increased but during different years it had fluctuated. also some unp...

OBJECTIVE The high rates of comorbid substance use disorders among persons living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) have increased interest in assessing and enhancing motivation to change substance misuse in this population. This study provides evidence for the psychometric adequacy of three self-report measures of readiness-to-change. METHOD The sample consisted of 84 persons ...

This study explores the treatment needs of homeless individuals participating in a large urban day shelter program. Alcohol and drug use, psychological distress, and stage of change were assessed in 100 participants presenting for services. The associations among substance use, risk perception, and readiness to change were examined for alcohol and drugs separately. Participants had high levels ...

Corporations use social media to build online communities, in order to create and maintain product loyalty and source new product ideas. Community members discuss the corporation’s products, services, or practices. Topics range from suggestions for products, enhancements, or services. Users communicate their grievances to each other and the company, hoping to garner support and change. Posted m...

Aims: Hoarseness of voice is a common symptom in otolaryngological practice and it is the earliest manifestation of a large variety of conditions directly or indirectly affecting the larynx, ranging from benign to most malignant. This study was undertaken to find out clinical profile, predisposing factors and etiology of hoarseness of voice. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was carried ...

This paper examines the vulnerabilities of major livestock species raised in Australia to climate change using the regional livestock profile of Australia of around 1,400 regions. The number of each species owned, the number of each species sold, and the aggregate livestock revenue across all species are examined. The four major species analyzed are sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and pigs. T...

background substance use in patients with psychiatric disorder is an every-day seen. detection of this comorbidity can significantly affect the treatment of these disorders, as well as substance use. objectives this study has been conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of substance use in hospitalized psychiatric patients. patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, 210 hospi...

This article describes a four-session intervention designed for persons with co-occurring substance abuse and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, to be administered as an add-on module to supplement ongoing mental health treatment in an outpatient setting. The intervention targets those dually diagnosed individuals with low readiness-to-change as indicated by current use, and/or low level of enga...