This paper presents an algorithm for calculating the volume of a 2D-profile, accessible by a given diameter of milling cutter. The method is independent of the generation of cutter tool paths, and exploits facilities commonly found in kernel modellers. Exact results are obtained despite the simplicity of the procedure. As a proof of the concept, the algorithms have been implemented in the Herio...

Practical Tunnel-boring Machine (TBM) guidance systems usually use sophisticated instruments to obtain the orientation of the TBM. These systems require frequent calibration and work shutdown, making the procedure complex and time consuming. Besides, the majority of current TBM guidance solutions cannot provide the position of the invisible cutter head analytically including commonly used laser...

1. In the first experiment sheep taken from pasture were given a low-protein diet for six weeks in individual pens. Then, for 1 week, groups were given a supplement of lucerne chaff, safflower meal or lucerne chaff plus safflower meal. In the second experiment eighteen sheep maintained on lucerne chaff rather than pasture were then depleted of protein to a greater extent by feeding on a restric...

Network-based intrusions have become a serious treat to the users of the Internet. To help cover their tracks, attackers launch attacks from a series of previously compromised systems called stepping stones. Timing correlations on incoming and outgoing packets can lead to detection of the stepping stone and can be used to trace the attacker through each link. Existing approaches, however, delib...

The South African sugar industry harvests in excess of 20 million tons of sugarcane annually. More than 90% of this tonnage is currently being harvested manually. During 2002, the South African Sugar Association Experiment Station’s Agricultural Engineering Department conducted a comprehensive cane cutter survey throughout the South African and Swaziland sugar industries. The primary objective ...

Effectiveness of tool condition monitoring strategy depends on accuracy in failure prediction (prognostics) of cutting tools. Data driven approaches are generally used for prognostics of cutting tools. Various prognostics models have been proposed in the literature. Performance of these models in terms of accuracy and applicability are found to be the major constraints for use in real industria...

Modern Chaff-like SAT solvers enhance plain backtracking (DLL) by Conflict-Driven Learning (CDL), including 1UIP-based Conflict-Directed Backjumping (CDB), Non-Chronological Backtracking (NCB), and 1UIP-based Conflict-Clause Recording (CCR). We show how to add these enhancements step-by-step to plain DLL to derive Chaff’s Conflict-Driven Learning algorithm, separately and independently of BCP, ...

This test was sent to 245 participants. Each sample set contained a bolt cutter (Item 1) and two padlocks containing questioned toolmarks (Items 2 and 3). Participants were requested to examine these items and report their findings. Data were returned from 202 participants (82% response rate) and are compiled into the following tables: Page 2 Manufacturer's Information 3 Summary Comments 4 Tabl...

In this paper, we give a detailed mathematical understanding of flank milling with flat end cutters, which we use to develop a method for milling with such a cutter. This method slides the cutter along two rails, providing two points of contact on the surface.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive method of treating early-stage tumors of the digestive tract. However, duodenal ESD is technically difficult, with high complication rates resulting from poor control of the endoscope, the thin duodenal wall, and the potential for exposure to pancreatic juices [1–2]. This study evaluated the safety of ESD using the short-type Clutch...