How mutant prion protein (PrP) leads to neurological dysfunction in genetic prion diseases is unknown. Tg(PG14) mice synthesize a misfolded mutant PrP which is partially retained in the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As these mice age, they develop ataxia and massive degeneration of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Here, we report that motor behavioral deficits in Tg(PG14) mice emerge b...

Abstract Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), encompassing chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br) and perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) compounds is associated with adverse neurobehaviour in humans animals, observed cause effects nerve cell cultures. Most studies focus on single POPs, whereas of complex mixtures are limited. We examined the a mixture 29 (Cl + Br + PFAA, named Total mixture), a...

objective: chlorpyrifos (cpf) is a neurotoxic organophosphorus (op) insecticide. its mechanism of action includes oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ache). the aim of the present study is to investigate cpf toxicity in mature and immature cerebellar granule neurons (cgns), as well as its effect on glutamate induced excitotoxicity. materials and ...

neuroprotective effect of the extract from aerial parts of scrophularia striata boiss(scrophulariaceae) was investigated against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity on cultured rat pupscerebellar granule neurons (cgns). cgns from 8 days old sprague-dawley rat were preparedand cultured. the experiments were performed after 8 days in culture. the plant was collected fromthe northeastern part (ruin re...

Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) are one of the most populous cells in the mammalian brain. They express an outwardly rectifying potassium current, termed a "standing-outward" K(+) current, or IK(SO), which does not inactivate. It is active at the resting potential of CGNs, and blocking IK(SO) leads to cell depolarization. IK(SO) is blocked by Ba(2+) ions and is regulated by activation of musc...

The current studies were designed to examine the mechanisms of acute effects of ethanol on cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) during neurodevelopment, with specific reference to activator protein-1 (AP-1). CGNs, isolated from 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured for 3 days, were exposed to 0, 22.5, and 100 mM ethanol for 1 h. Gel shift assays performed on the nuclear protein extracts showe...

OBJECTIVE To reveal the involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) in IL-6 prevention from neuronal apoptosis and necrosis induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). METHODS Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from 8-day-old rats were exposed to IL-6 for 8 days and then stimulated with NMDA for 30 min. The 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and dan...

Objective To perform a systematic review of the literature evaluating clinical characteristics and management cervical ganglioneuromas (CGNs). Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases were searched. such as patient demographics, imaging, treatments obtained. Review Methods Pertinent studies downloaded, full text was reviewed by 4 authors (N.P., S.S., C.F., D.T.). Results reported...

This paper presents an overview of the capabilities of a new open-source preand post-processing tool for Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, called Cassiopee. Its architecture, which is basically a set of Python modules, and the handled data, which is based on CGNS standard, are described. Some examples of workflows that can be built with Cassiopee functions are provided. Finally, some ap...

Reelin (Reln) is a glycoprotein that in postnatal and adult mammalian brain is believed to be secreted from telencephalic GABAergic interneurons and cerebellar glutamatergic granule neurons into the extracellular matrix. To address the question of whether Reln neurosecretion occurs via a regulated or a constitutive process, we exposed postnatal rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) maintained i...