Using UNESCO’s recent data, the effects of a country’s income and ‘tropicality’ on ‘school life expectancy’ are explored. While the effect of income is, as expected, positive and substantial, the distance from the equator, which is a measure of the country’s tropicality, is also important. Two additional points are noted. First, the effect of tropicality, relative to that of income, is larger i...

Seasonal affective disorder or SAD is a recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern usually beginning in fall and continuing into winter months. A subsyndromal type of SAD, or S-SAD, is commonly known as "winter blues." Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer. Symptoms center on sad mood and low energy. Those most at risk are female, are younger, live far...

Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of fully convective, rotating spheres with volume heating near the center and cooling at the surface are presented. The dynamo-generated magnetic field saturates at equipartition field strength near the surface. In the interior, the field is dominated by small-scale structures, but outside the sphere by the global scale. Azimuthal averages of the field reveal a l...

In spite of its short operational life of only ®ve months, the major goals of the Equator-S mission were ful®lled, except that its contribution to the ISTP science is restricted to the morning sector of the outer magnetosphere. A set of twelve papers following this introduction is a ®rst documentation of the achievements. They span from the successful testing and operation of the most advanced ...

In this paper, we introduce data and information activities of the International Center for Space Weather Science and Education (ICSWSE), Kyushu University, Japan. The principal data source is the MAGDAS (MAGnetic Data Acquisition System) project which is a global network of geomagnetic observations operated by collaborations between ICSWSE and institutions in many countries. We operate 66 stat...

PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of prognostic variables, including the distance a patient lives from a transplant center, on the outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 77 myeloma patients who received an ASCT at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center between 1996 and 2009, 70 of whom were t...

The structure of 14-protofilament microtubules reassembled from dogfish shark brain tubulin was analyzed by high resolution electron microscopy and optical diffraction. The simultaneous imaging of the protofilaments from near and far sides of these tubules produces a moiré pattern with a period of approximately 96 nm. Optical diffraction patterns show that the 5-nm spots that arise from the pro...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphological characteristics of renal tumors which affect the surgeons' decision-making for the selection of open or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. We included 147 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal masses with elective indications in this study. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) were p...