The anaerobic bacterium Clostdium kluyveti can catalyze the conversion of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate (6). Tracer studies with growing cultures of this organism (2) have shown that this conversion involves an oxidation of ethanol to a a-carbon compound (“active” acetate) that is in approximate equilibrium with acetate. This activated a-carbon substance then condenses with ordin...

We have reported earlier some work on the grafting of vinyl monomers onto cellulose extracted from pine needles. The grafting was carried out both by radiation1,2 and by a chemical initiation method3,4. The optimum grafting conditions for a single monomer were used to co-graft it with other comonomers so as to improve upon the intrinsic properties of the cellulose backbone5,6. These graft copol...

Desulfobacterium cetonicum 480 oxidized butyrate to 1 mol of acetate and 2 mol of CO2; this reaction was coupled to reduction of sulfate to sulfide. Butyrate was activated by coenzyme A (CoA) transfer from acetyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA was oxidized to acetyl-CoA by a classical beta-oxidation pathway. Acetyl-CoA was oxidized through the acetyl-CoA/carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway. There was a...

Many of the health benefits associated with dietary fiber are attributed to their fermentation by microbiota and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The aim of this study was to investigate the fermentability of the functional fiber PolyGlyopleX® (PGX®) in vitro. A validated dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro system simulating the conditions in the proximal large intestine (TIM-2) ...

AIM To determine whether acute loss of liver tissue affects hepatic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) clearance. METHODS Blood was sampled from the radial artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein before and after hepatic resection in 30 patients undergoing partial liver resection. Plasma SCFA levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. SCFA exchange across gut and liver was calc...

Isomerization of butyrate and isobutyrate was investigated with the recently isolated strictly anaerobic bacterium strain WoG13 which ferments glutarate to butyrate, isobutyrate, CO(2), and small amounts of acetate. Dense cell suspensions converted butyrate to isobutyrate and isobutyrate to butyrate. C-nuclear magnetic resonance experiments proved that this isomerization was accomplished by mig...

Phase inversion cellulose acetate propionate membranes showed low permeability to hydrogen peroxide aqueous solutions. Their permeability was increased by alkaline hydrolysis of the ester linking units. However, the permeability remained lower than that of an unsubstituted cellulose membrane. The inclusion of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the membrane formulation, followed by an alkaline hydrolysi...

The products of L-glutamate fermentation by resting or growing cells of Clostridium tetanomorphum are acetate, butyrate, hydrogen, and approximately stoichiometric amounts of carbon dioxide and ammonia (14). Experiments with C14-labeled glutamate have shown that acetate, butyrate, and carbon dioxide originate preferentially from glutamate carbons 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and 5, respectively, and that ...

Cellulose being an excellent biopolymer has cemented its place firmly in many industries as a coating material, textile, composites, and biomaterial applications. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of cellulose and cellulose acetate. The cellulose and cellulose acetate were exposed to biofield and further the chemical and th...