BACKGROUND Little is known about pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) carriers. A study was undertaken to investigate and clarify the characteristics of pulmonary MAC infection in these subjects. METHODS Twenty nine patients with pulmonary MAC infection without any underlying pulmonary disorder were investigated. The clinical fea...

Burkitt in Uganda in 1958. Through his diligent observations, research, and the subsequent contributions of other pioneers in the field, Burkitt’s lymphoma is now considered by some to be a model tumor secondary to its impact on the general understanding and treatment of lymphomas. 1 The study of Burkitt’s lymphoma has also been groundbreaking in the understanding of viruses such as Epstein Bar...

Microbes play the most intricate and crucial role in the education of the immune system. Exposure to pathogens elicits specific immune response to clear the infection. After elimination of infectious pathogens, the immune cells undergo apoptosis during the contraction phase, and the remaining cells return to the quiescent memory phase [1]. During the primary and secondary responses, some of the...

Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL) is a rare T-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasm caused by human T-lymphotrophic virus 1. In its more common, aggressive forms, ATL carries one of the poorest prognoses of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The disease has clinical subtypes (ie, acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering forms) defined by the presenting features, and therefore, the clinical course can va...