The objective of this study was to evaluate seed metrics, optimum temperature for germination and efficiency five pre-germination treatments overcoming dormancy Caesalpinia ferrea seeds. Seeds were subjected constant temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30 35°C the following treatments: nicking with pincers; immersion in water 24 hours at room temperature; scarification sandpaper; caustic soda 60 minutes; ...

In this study, multifunctional alkaline pulping was suggested to produce different pulp grades at one mill site, ranging from high-yield paper pulp to high-purity dissolving pulp. In all process modifications, sulfur was successfully replaced by anthraquinone. Autohydrolysis and alkaline pre-extraction were applied to Eucalyptus globulus wood chips, followed by kraft and soda-AQ pulping. Alkali...