Background: The term caustic generally refers to alkaline and the term corrosive generally refers to acidic agents' injury however, in medical literature caustic is frequently a term applied to both substances. Ingested alkali typically damage the esophagus more than stomach or duodenum, whereas acids usually cause more severe gastric injury. Since esophagus has a slightly alkaline pH, its epit...

The secant caustic of a planar curve M is the image singular set map . We analyze geometrical properties curve, i.e. number branches caustic, parity cusps and inflexion points in each branch this set. In particular, we investigate detail some rosette, smooth regular oriented closed with non-vanishing curvature.

introduction: esophagus injuries secondary to caustic ingestion occurs frequently in children. oral damages cannot give us a clear image of what has happened in upper gi. therefore endoscopy is only diagnostic way to evaluate upper gi injuries. in this study, we found out the endoscopic results in children admitted with caustic ingestion in qaem(a. s.) hospital between 2011 to 2013 , and compar...

It is shown that the caustic formed by the reflection of a plane wave off the inside of a cylinder is independent of the angle of incidence of the wave with the axis of the cylinder. Moreover, the caustic formed by the reflection of a point source off a cylinder is proven to be translation symmetric. This is done by constructing explicitly the focal sets of the reflected line congruences (2-par...

we present a case of caustic ingestion by a 1.5-year-old boy. the caustic agent was drain opener which is a strong alkaline substance. children in iran and many other countries are still exposed to not “child proof” (child resistant packaging) toxic substance containers. ingestion of caustic agents may lead to necrosis, perforation, and strictures. substances that are ingested more frequently a...

introduction: caustic ingestions are among the most prevalent causes of toxic exposure. the present 10-year survey aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic features and outcomes of caustic ingestion cases presenting to emergency department. methods: this is a retrospective cross-sectional study on patients who were admitted to a referral toxicology center during 2004 to 2014, following caustic inges...

background: ingestion of caustic agents can cause serious damages of the upper gastrointestinal tract and in some cases this kind of poisoning may have fatal outcomes. acute caustic intoxications are one of the main problems in the modern clinical toxicology since they mainly affect young people with psychic disorders, suicidal intent, and alcohol addiction. text: in diagnostic evaluation of th...