Radical-induced degradation of proton exchange membranes limits the durability proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Cerium is widely used as a radical scavenger, but migration cerium ions to the...

Distribution of contact pressure between the bipolar plate and gas diffusion layer considerably affect the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In this regard, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is developed to predict the contact pressure distribution on the gas diffusion layer due to dimensional errors of the bipolar plate ribs in a proton exchange membrane fuel ce...

The nitrate-reducing bacterial strain BunN is able to grow with acetone and nitrate under anoxic conditions. Dialyzed crude cell-free extracts of acetone-plus-nitrate-grown cells of strain BunN catalyzed the exchange of 14CO2 into acetoacetate in an ADP-dependent reaction. The rates of exchange catalyzed by extracts of acetate-grown or 3-hydroxybutyrate-grown cells were only 13% of that catalyz...

We have previously introduced an anisotropic leaky-mode modulator as a waveguide-based, acousto-optic solution for spatial light modulation in holographic video display systems. Waveguide fabrication for these and similar surface acoustic wave devices relies on proton exchange of a lithium niobate substrate, which involves the immersion of the substrate in an acid melt. While simple and effecti...

The acid-activated proton channel formed by the influenza M2 protein is important for the life cycle of the virus. A single histidine, His37, in the M2 transmembrane domain (M2TM) is responsible for pH activation and proton selectivity of the channel. Recent studies suggested three models for how His37 mediates proton transport: a shuttle mechanism involving His37 protonation and deprotonation,...

The 3+ and 2+ oxidation states of europium have drastically different magnetic and spectroscopic properties. Electrochemical measurements are often used to probe EuIII/II oxidation state changes, but a full suite of spectroscopic characterization is necessary to demonstrate conversion between these two oxidation states in solution. Here, we report the facile conversion of an europium(III) tetra...

Events with a baryon carrying a large fraction of the proton beam energy have been observed in ep scattering at HERA [1, 2]. The dynamical mechanisms for their production are not completely understood. They may be the result of hadronization of the proton remnant, leaving a baryon in the final state. Exchange of virtual particles is also expected to contribute. In this picture, the target proto...