IHS ESDU recently published its latest ‘User Guide’ to fouling in heat exchange systems, for systems with fresh water as the coolant. ESDU 07006 [1] is the third in a group, following the development of the Crude Oil Fouling User Guide [2] issued in 2000 and the Seawater Fouling User Guide [3] issued in 2004. ESDU 07006 was developed by IHS ESDU over a period of five years under the guidance of...

The early post-settlement stage is the most sensitive during the life history of reef building corals. However, few studies have examined the factors that influence coral mortality during this period. Here, the impact of fouling on the survival of newly settled coral spat of Acropora millepora was investigated by manipulating the extent of fouling cover on settlement tiles using non-toxic, wax ...

One of the main factors affecting membrane fouling in MBRs is operational conditions. In this study the influence of aeration rate, filtration mode, and SRT on hollow fiber membrane fouling was investigated using a triple fouling layers perspective. The sludge microbial population distribution was also determined by PCR method. Through various applied operational scenarios the optimal condition...

Fouling of heat exchangers is a severe problem in the industrialized world. The effects of fouling are reduced energy efficiency and increased greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, any heat transfer process has a risk of fouling on the heat transfer surface. The fouling can in some cases be cleaned physically, chemically or burned off; in other cases it may not be possible to clean the heat exchan...

Membrane BioReactor (MBR) in which membrane separation process is combined with biological processes is an efficient alternative for wastewater treatment and reuse. However, the major process problem with MBRs remains the membrane fouling due to the physicochemical interactions between the membrane material and the components in the mixed liquor. Along with the fouling, membrane permeability de...

ESDU International of London, UK has recently published a ‘User Guide’ [1] on fouling in heat exchange systems using seawater as the coolant. Developed over a period of eighteen months in close collaboration with a team of oil refiners, heat transfer equipment and services suppliers and universities, with valuable input from the power industry, the User Guide is a practical guide to the current...

the propose of this paper is to introduce a new model for crude oil fouling in preheat trains of crude distillation unit. the experimental results of australian light crude oil with the tube side surface temperatures between 200-260 oc and fluid velocity ranged 0.25 to 0.4m/s were used. the activation energy of chemical reaction depends on the surface temperature has been calculated.  the model...

The development of organometallic catalysts with high activity and selectivity has transformed the way both bulk and fine chemicals are produced. When such catalysts are applied in fine chemicals production, the presence of toxic heavy metals in these catalysts (Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, etc.) can pose significant separation challenges. Regulatory bodies (such as the FDA and EMA) require that many popula...

A major limitation in using membrane-based separation processes is the loss of performance due to membrane fouling. This drawback can be addressed thanks to surface modification treatments. A new and promising surface modification using green chemistry has been recently investigated. This modification is carried out at room temperature and in aqueous medium using green catalyst (enzyme) and non...

This paper aims to broaden a better understanding of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and its impact on fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR). Some fundamental knowledge about EPS and MBR fouling was covered in this paper in several aspects including definition of EPS, evaluation of EPS, influencing factors on EPS production and responsibility of EPS on MBR fouling mechanisms.