In the development of Islamic economics, especially banking transactions, legal certainty is required regarding whether product transaction activities may be carried out or not, considering that there no text can referred to for this activity. Under these conditions, process determining maslahah mursalah law used as an alternative method in cash swipe transactions which are a form deviation fro...

Abstract This paper deals with the relationship between individual preferences and use of cash. Building on insights from economic psychological literature, we present an agent-based model simulating consumers’ behaviour when choosing which mean payment to use, according value transaction. Assuming heterogeneous for payment, results show that number cash transactions their strongly depend both ...

Cash is an important means of transaction, generally assumed to be fungible. However, behavioral economics and consumer research show that ‘cash in hand’, physically holding on cash then handing it away, affects purchasing decisions. I study how hand influences decisions a different, but very domain: savings. Savings accounts are promising tool for reducing poverty, the use savings often puzzli...

In this article, we extend variational quantum optimization algorithms for quadratic unconstrained binary problems to the class of mixed problems. This allows us combine decision variables with continuous variables, which, instance, enables modeling inequality constraints via slack variables. We propose two heuristics and introduce transaction settlement problem demonstrate them. Transaction is...

In this conceptual framework, the author was having a supposition that without proper POS system merchant might have an intention to do tax evasion. Therefore, most of governments in world are moving toward cashless transaction, as enable authority track movement money. Without socialization, would still want conduct transaction solely based on cash only. Prior study indicates evasion reasoning...

In this article, P is the purchasing or acquiring corporation, T is the target or acquired corporation, and S is a wholly owned P corporate subsidiary. In Rev. Rul. 2001-26,1 the IRS (building on case law2) stepped together (1) P’s acquisition of 51 percent of T’s stock by tender offer in exchange solely for P voting stock and (2) P’s preplanned acquisition of the remaining 49 percent of T’s st...

a r t i c l e i n f o The customer lifetime value combines into one construct the transaction timing, spending and dropout processes that characterize the purchase behavior of customers. Recently, the potential relationship between these processes , either at the individual customer level (i.e. intra-customer correlation) or between customers (i.e. inter-customer correlation), has received more...

Nonzero transaction costs invalidate the Black-Scholes (1973) arbitrage argument based on continuous trading. Leland (1985) developed a hedging strategy which modifies the Black-Scholes hedging strategy with a volatility adjusted by the length of the rebalance interval and the rate of the proportional transaction cost. Leland claimed that the exact hedge could be achieved in the limit as the le...

In developing countries, mobile telecom networks have emerged as major providers of financial services, bypassing the sparse retail networks of traditional banks. We analyze a large individual-level data set of mobile money transactions in Tanzania. Transactions can be classified as (i) money transfers to others; (ii) short distance money selftransportation; and (iii) money storage for short to...