Non-vascular plants rely on sperm to cross the distance between male and female reproductive organs for fertilization and sexual reproduction to occur. The majority of non-vascular plants have separate sexes, and thus, this distance may be a few millimetres to many metres. Because sperm need water for transport, it has been assumed that sperm lifespans are short and that this type of sexual rep...

We report a case of an otherwise healthy 23-month-old boy who presented with nystagmus, head shaking, andabnormal posture suggestive spasmus nutans. Neuro-ophthalmologic exam revealed bilateral, low-amplitude, high-frequency, horizontal, disconjugate nystagmus that was more prominent in one eye along shaking and tilt or face turn. The rest the systemic physical examination were normal. Magnetic...

BACKGROUND Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is a well-known plant, native to tropical Asian countries. Reports on this plant that is rich in phenolic compounds have focused on its therapeutic anti-inflammatory, anti-herpes simplex, antioxidant, and anti-cancer characteristics. In this paper, the influence of the extraction parameters-temperatures (60-80 °C), times (80-120 min), and solvent ratios (70...

Plant survival, growth, and flowering are size dependent in many plant populations but also vary among individuals of the same size. This individual variation, along with variation in dispersal caused by differences in, e.g., seed release height, seed characteristics, and wind speed, is a key determinant of the spread rate of species through homogeneous landscapes. Here we develop spatial integ...

Two new names, Dracaena neoparviflora and ridleyii are proposed as replacement names for the illegitimate D. parviflora Baker, nutans Ridl., respectively, latter being a later homonym of Willd. ex Schult.f., H.Jaeger. Lectotypes designated D.cambodiana, interrupta (synonym camerooniana), oddonii cantleyi, cinnabari, cuspidibracteata congoensis), haemanthoides, litoralis braunii), parviflora, no...

We attempted to confirm that seed banks can be viewed as an important genetic reservoir by testing the hypothesis that standing (aboveground) plants represent a nonrandom sample of the seed bank. We sampled multilocus allozyme genotypes from three species with different life history strategies: Amaranthus retroflexus, Carduus acanthoides, Pastinaca sativa. In four populations of each species we...

Clinacanthus nutans has had a long history of use in folk medicine in Malaysia and Southeast Asia; mostly in the relief of inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of different extracts of C. nutans upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in order to identify its mechanism of action. Extracts of leaves and stem bark of C. nutans were prepared using polar an...