During the past few decades, a large number of animal studies demonstrated that commonly used opioids could provide cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Opioid-induced preconditioning or postconditioning mimics ischemic preconditioning (I-Pre) or ischemic postconditioning (I-Post). Both δ- and κ-opioid receptors (OPRs) play a crucial role in opioid-induced cardioprotectio...

Reperfusion is mandatory to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction, but reperfusion per se contributes to injury and ultimate infarct size. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond that by timely reperfusion is needed to reduce infarct size and improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The conditioning phenomena provide such cardioprotection, insofar as brief episodes o...

Recently, the involvement of sarcolemmal K(ATP) (sarcK(ATP)) channels in ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning (IPC and PPC) has been minimized by numerous studies suggesting a primary role for mitochondrial K(ATP) (mitoK(ATP)) channels in early and delayed cardioprotection. Although the mitoK(ATP) channel has clearly been shown to be a distal effector of delayed IPC and PPC, studies imp...

Reperfusion injury is remarkable clinical issue that needs to be resolved as ischemia-reperfusion is a common phenomenon encountered in numerous clinical situations. The present communication report the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in cardioprotection offered by flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) against myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Rutin produced better cardioprotection than quercetin in...

Unfortunately, anticancer medications are extremely harmful to normal cells. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly cardiotoxic medication that can result in cardiomyopathy. The most significant mechanism for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity oxidative stress, while other pathways have also been put forth. This review aims highlight the mechanisms of and updated managements. Trustworthy sites such as Google Sc...

Ischemic heart disease including myocardial infarction develops on the basis of several risk-factors and comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, therefore, identification of novel drug targets for cardioprotection is of great importance. Ischemic preconditioning, postconditioning, and re...

It has been suggested that increase in acute nitric oxide (NO) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate production may be involved in cardioprotection induced by chronic hypoxia (CH). We studied the effect of NO donor molsidomine and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats adapted to CH. Male Wistar rats were exposed to continuous hypoxia i...