Objective(s): The present work intended to clearly define the most adequate humane endpoints in an experimental assay of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were observed twice a day; all parameters were registered once a week and the euthanasia endpoints were established in order to monitor the animal welfare/...

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer that accounts for 3% of all new colorectal (CRC) cases. Patients carry germline pathogenic variant in one the mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2), which encode proteins involved post-replicative proofreading and editing mechanism. The clinical presentation LS highly heterogeneous, showing high variability age at onset penetrance canc...

According to the World Health Organization, colon cancer is one of most common cancers. By 2020, approximately 1,900,000 cases CRC were detected worldwide (a total 10%). In American Cancer Society 104,610 new identified and 53,200 patients died. Similar other tumors (CRC) a genetically inherited multifactorial disease. It established that genetic, immunologic, as well environmental factors, all...

It is estimated that up to 20% of all types of human cancers worldwide are attributed to viruses. The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenes...

Background/Aims and Objectives: Inflammatory mediators from ongoing oral infection induce intense immune response that could lead to the carcinogenesis as well progression of pathogenesis systemic diseases. Development prostatic carcinoma presence urinary symptoms may be linked problems.

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women throughout the world. There are controversial reports on the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in breast carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of HPV-DNA in invasive breast carcinoma to determine the association between HPV infection and breast carcinoma. Methods: The study inc...