background: this toxicological investigation involves a report on the death of four ‎occupants of a sport utility vehicle on one of the major busy federal roads of nigeria ‎where they were held for up to three hours in a traffic jam while the car was steaming.‎ methods: autopsy was executed using the standard procedure and toxicological ‎analysis was done using simple spectrophotometric method ...

c O N S I D E R A B L E expe r i e n c e has been gained with sealed cabin atmospheres incidental to twenty-four-hour balloon-borne animal flights above 100,000 ~feet. la The temperature and pressure problems encountered while floating a t this altitude are space equivalent, corresponding closely to the conditions that would be encountered by an orbiting satellite. Design of a manned, sealed ca...

Accurate prediction of particle deposition in airliner cabins is important for estimating the exposure risk of passengers to infectious diseases. This study developed a Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model with a modified Lagrangian method. The computer model was validated with experimental data for particle deposition in a cavity with natural convection and with air velocity, air temperature, ...

The objectives of the present study were to define the lowest ambient air and cabin temperatures at which aircrews wearing immersion protection are starting to experience thermal discomfort and heat stress during flight operations, and to characterize during a flight simulation in laboratory, the severity of the heat stress during exposure to a typical northern summer ambient condition (25 degr...

Feasibilities of heat and cold storage technologies for vehicles were discussed for improvement of vehicle fuel efficiency. Energy performance of a plug-in cold thermal energy storage system, in which ice slurry is produced at a stationary chiller and charged into a tank in a vehicle for cabin and cargo cooling, was discussed. Energy balance of the plug-in system was compared with onboard heat ...

In-car communication (ICC) systems ease the communication between driver and passengers in a driving vehicle by amplifying and playing back drivers' voice through the rear loudspeakers. The system faces the common acoustic signal coupling problem between speakers and microphone as both acoustic interfaces are in the same cabin. Consequently these systems need to be carefully tuned in order to a...

The environmental test cabin method was used to simulate the actual use environment of car mats collect gas, formaldehyde content in collected gas measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and release rate calculated. results indicated that released all 30 batches samples at a ranging from 0.02 0.13mg/ m2 (m2•h).

Apreconditioner defined by an algebraicmultigrid cycle for a dampedHelmholtz operator is proposed for the Helmholtz equation. This approach is wellsuited for acoustic scattering problems in complicated computational domains and with varying material properties. The spectral properties of the preconditioned systems and the convergence of the GMRESmethod are studiedwith linear, quadratic, and cub...

Electric drive vehicles (EDVs) have complex thermal management requirements not present in conventional vehicles. In addition to cabin conditioning, the energy storage system (ESS) and power electronics and electric motor (PEEM) subsystems also require thermal management. Many current-generation EDVs utilize separate cooling systems, adding both weight and volume, and lack abundant waste heat f...