Group A streptococcus (GAS) depends on a hyaluronic acid (HA) capsule to evade phagocytosis and to interact with epithelial cells. Paradoxically, GAS also produces hyaluronidase (Hyl), an enzyme that cleaves HA. A common assumption is that Hyl digests structurally identical HA in human tissue to promote bacterial spread. We inactivated the gene encoding extracellular hyaluronidase, hylA, in a c...

in most region of khorasan, sesame ecotypes have been planted for many years, but there is little information about seed yield and yield components of them. therefore a field experimental was conducted to investigation of yield parameters of 14 sesame ecotypes (msc1, msc2, msc3, msc4, msc5, msc6, msc7, msc8, msc9, msc10, msc11, msc12, msc13 and msc14) in randomized complete block design with th...

capsules from a range of pathogenic bacteria are the key determinants of virulency. the capsule hasbeen implicated in virulence of pasteurella multocida. in this study a type-specific polymerase chain reaction(pcr) assay was used for capsular typing of 39 avian p. multocida isolates from iran. the pcr amplified afragment of 1044 bp from all of tested isolates. it was found that all avian p. mul...

due to importance of nitrogen on the agronomic traits of linseed oil, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at the field research station of faculty of agriculture at shahrekord university in 2012. five different treatments of fertilizer including urea, azomin, nitroxin, supernitroplus and control (without nitrogen) as the first factor ...

the mode of agronomic traits inheritance was investigated in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) in drought stress as a new report. five generation including p1, p2, f1, f2 and f3 that derived from the cross of il.111 (drought sensitive) ×mex.22-191 (drought tolerance) were used in a randomized complete block design with two replications. generation mean analysis was used to estimate genetic pa...

The objectives of this experiment were (i) to determine the effect of water supply on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, bracts, capsule walls, and stalks of cotton at different growth stages and (ii) to determine the contributions of these nonleaf organs to whole plant photosynthesis. Water deficit reduced the total surface area per plant but increased the proportion of nonleaf to total pl...

The activity of nitrogenase in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii grown diazotrophically under aerobic conditions is generally considered to be protected against O(2) by a high respiration rate. In this work, we have shown that a high rate of respiration is not the prevailing mechanism for nitrogenase protection in A. vinelandii grown in phosphate-limited nitrogen-free chemost...

Background and Study Aim. This study aimed to validate the alarm signs used in the 2007 German CEDAP-Plus study for indicating capsule endoscopy in patients who have idiopathic chronic abdominal pain. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of all patients who underwent capsule endoscopy at our institution between August 2007 and August 2009 for chronic hitherto undiagnosed ...

This study evaluated the role of anterior lens capsule vascularity in assessing gestation in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates in a prospective manner. Neonates with birth weight less than 2000 g were recruited. Those with gross congenital malformations, including corneal opacity or cataract and evidence of TORCH infection were excluded from the study. A total of 139 subjects were enroll...

We present a new type of microcapsule programmed with a tunable active release mechanism. The capsules are triggered by a plasticizing stimulus that induces a phase change transition of the polymeric membrane from a solid to a fluidized form; thereafter, the cargo is actively driven out of the capsule through a defect at the capsule wall with controllable release kinetics. Tuning the degree of ...