The results of oneand two-dimensional H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed field gradient (PFG) diffusometry studies of water in white cement paste with a water-tocement ratio 0.4 and aged from 1 day to 1 year are reported. The study shows that the NMRPFG method is primarily sensitive to the capillary porosity. Data is fit on the basis of a lognormal pore size distribution with pore size d...

Friction in an ambient condition involves highly nonlinear interactions of capillary force, induced by the capillary-condensed water nanobridges between contact or noncontact asperities of two sliding surfaces. Since the real contact area of sliding solids is much smaller than the apparent contact area, the nanobridges formed on the distant asperities can contribute significantly to the overall...

This Tutorial Review shows the behaviour of water in micro- and nanofluidic systems. The chemical potential of water ('water potential') conveniently describes the energy level of the water at different locations in and around the system, both in the liquid and gaseous state. Since water moves from high to low potential, the water potential enables us to predict and describe the direction of wa...

We consider the developed turbulence of capillary waves on shallow water. Analytic theory shows that an isotropic cascade spectrum is unstable with respect to small angular perturbations, in particular, spontaneous breakdown reflection symmetry and generation nonzero momentum. By computer modeling we show indeed a random pumping, generating average zero momentum, produces total A strongly aniso...

Cracking of concrete, which may be induced by several mechanisms, such as shrinkage, thermal effect, and loading, plays an important role in the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures because they provide additional pathways for water and aggressive agents, for example, chlorides, to penetrate into concrete. To well understand the transport properties of cracked/damaged concrete is ess...

A novel capillary electrophoretic (CE) method, based on in-capillary complexation with [PW(11)O(39)](7-), was developed for the determination of cadmium(II) in natural water samples. When a sample solution is injected into a capillary containing 0.20 mM [PW(11)O(39)](7-) and 0.10 M malonate buffer (pH 3.0), the ternary Keggin-type complex, [P(Cd(II)W(11))O(39)](5-), which possesses high molar a...

Surface waves on fluids with wavelengths in the millimeter range are known as capillary waves. Surface tension determines the propagation and dispersion of capillary waves while gravity plays a minor role. We describe a simple method for generating standing capillary waves of known frequency on water and introduce a novel noncontact technique based on laser interferometry to measure the wavelen...

as regards if curing stops for some time and then resumes again, then strength gain will also stop and reactive, in this study with choose suitable curing conditions after improper first curing (recurring) for normal and silica-fume concrete, effect of this curing conditions on strength and permeability was investigated. the results from tests such as compressive strength, capillary water absor...

Cocurrent spontaneous imbibition (COCSI) of an aqueous phase into matrix blocks arising from capillary forces is an important mechanism for petroleum recovery from fractured petroleum reservoirs. In this work, the modeling of countercurrent imbibition is used to develop the appropriate scaling equations. Considering the imbibition process and the water and oil movement respectively as the wet p...