What are they? They occur when a wild population is reduced to a small number of individuals, and then increases again. They are typically caused by an environmental change such as unusual climatic conditions, or, increasingly, the actions of humans, as in over-hunting and habitat destruction. But if the population size is restored, everything ends up fine, surely? No. The small population size...

needed. Now assume we construct the required network for all network sizes less than or equal to I−1. We next add an activity (numbered I) as follows. For each node i in the current graph (a total of I − 1 nodes) create a (new) resource ki, assign it to activity i and add it to K (before this step K = 3 + ∑I−2 i=3 i). Assign all these new resources to the new activity I. That is, R({I}) is the ...

Bottleneck detection in manufacturing is the key to improving production efficiency and stability in order to improve capacity. Yet common bottleneck detection methods in industry and academia lack either accuracy or practicability, or both, for dynamic systems. The new methodology is conducted by the observation of processes and inventories. Blocked processes and full inventories indicate a do...

The 4th generation of district heating systems face a potential problem where lowered water temperatures lead to higher flow rates, which requires hydraulic capacity in terms pipe and pump sizes. This increases the effect already existing issue bottlenecks, causing peripheral units (customers) experience reduced rates. A coordinating control strategy is presented this work aimed at reducing suc...

A fundamental aspect of designing queueing systems with stationary servers is identifying and improving the system bottlenecks. In this paper, the concept of a bottleneck is extended to queueing networks with heterogeneous, flexible servers. In contrast with a network with stationary servers, the bottlenecks are not a priori obvious, but can be determined by solving a number of linear programmi...

In this paper, we examine the relative importance of memory latency, memory bandwidth, and branch predictability on the performance of future processors. We develop and validate a sampling-based simulation methodology that allows us to simulate a large number of design points. Our methodology ensures that the entire execution profile of the application is captured while limiting the errors indu...

In this work we focus on the common case of streaming video to receivers whose last mile connections to the Internet are bandwith-limited and act as network bottlenecks. Users generally run multiple concurrent networking applications that compete for the scarce bandwidth resource. Standard TCP shares bottleneck link capacity according to connection round-trip time (RTT), and therefore may not p...

The paper explains a new advanced rail traffic management system that combines real-time rescheduling with an advanced train control tool being developed by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) in cooperation with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH). The system is designed to increase network capacity and stability in heavily used mixed traffic networks while minimizing the cost of new ...