PURPOSE To investigate the neuroprotective effect of candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) blocker, against the neurotoxicity of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in an animal model of glaucoma. METHODS Cauterization of three episcleral vessels in rats was used to create chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in one eye. Rats were then treated orally with candesartan...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II antagonism can counteract cardiac human vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 (phVEGF-A165) induced angiogenesis. METHODS Mice were given a single intramyocardial injection of phVEGF-A165. Either enalapril or candesartan was given subcutaneously for 10 consecutive days...

OBJECTIVE Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and a marker of vascular endothelial damage. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) are reported to reduce the serum ADMA level. Our group administered either ARB or calcium antagonist to patients after cerebral infarction and discussed the ADMA changes observ...

This multicenter study evaluated the efficacy of candesartan cilexetil, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, used alone or in combination with amlodipine or in combination with amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe essential hypertension. After a 2-week, single-blind, placebo run-in period, patients entered a 12-week, open-label, dose-t...

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are at high risk of cardiovascular death and recurrent hospital admissions. We aimed to find out whether the use of an angiotensin-receptor blocker could reduce mortality and morbidity. METHODS In parallel, randomised, double-blind, controlled, clinical trials we compared candesartan with placebo in three distinct populations. We studied pa...

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is more common than the acute syndrome. Losartan, the first angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB), and candesartan, another widely-used ARB, have protected against developing fibrogenesis, but there is no clear data about their curative antifibrotic effects. The current study was designed to examine their effects in an already-established model of hepatic fibrosis...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the optimal dose of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil for renoprotection as reflected by short-term changes in albuminuria in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 23 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy were enrolled in this double-blind randomized cross-over trial...

OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the effects of candesartan or lisinopril, or both, on blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in patients with microalbuminuria, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Prospective, randomised, parallel group, double blind study with four week placebo run in period and 12 weeks' monotherapy with candesartan or lisinopril followed by 12 weeks' monotherap...

A simple, specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan cilexetil in pharmaceutical dosage form. The column used was Zorbax C8 (150×4.6 mm, 3.5μm) in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing phosphate buffer-methanol (30:70) adjusted to pH 3.0 using ortho phosphoric a...

BACKGROUND Patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure (CHF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have a high risk of death and hospitalization for CHF deterioration despite therapies with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, and even an aldosterone antagonist. To determine whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) candesartan decreases cardio...