This paper describes extensions to the widely used TNO MF-Tyre 5.2 Magic Formula tyre model. The Magic Formula itself has been adapted to cope with large camber angles and inflation pressure changes. In addition the description of the rolling resistance has been improved. Modelling of the tyre dynamics has been changed to allow a seamless and consistent switch from simple first order relaxation...

A linear vortex panel method is extended to include the effect Abstract of ground proximity on the aerodynamic properties of two dimensional airfoils. The image method is used to model the ground effect . According to the results, lift coefficient of an airfoil may increase or decrease in ground effect based on a combinative effect of its camber, thickness, angle of attack and ground clearance....

The basic ability of a vehicle is to “run”, “turn” and “stop”. The safeness and comfort during a drive on various road surfaces and speed depends on the performance of these basic abilities of the vehicle. Stability and maneuverability of a vehicle are vital in automotive engineering. The stability of a vehicle is the ability of the vehicle to revert back to a stable state during a drive when f...

The morphology, kinematics and stiffness properties of lifting surfaces play a key role in the aerodynamic performance of vertebrate flight. These surfaces, as a result of their flexible nature, may move both actively, owing to muscle contraction, and passively, in reaction to fluid forces. However, the nature and implications of this fluid-structure interaction are not well understood. Here, w...

An orthogonal experiment was conducted to study the effects of aspect ratio, camber fore wing, and gap ratio front rear wing panels on hydrodynamic performance double-vane otter boards. The design comprised three factors (each having levels), namely (1.0, 1.5, 2.0), (0.12, 0.14, 0.16), (0.25, 0.30, 0.35), drag coefficient Cx lift Cy nine board models obtained in a wind tunnel experiment, lift–d...

The aerodynamic characteristics of the wings and body of a dragonfly and of artificial wing models were studied by conducting two types of wind-tunnel tests and a number of free-flight tests of gliders made using dragonfly wings. The results were consistent between these different tests. The effects of camber, thickness, sharpness of the leading edge and surface roughness on the aerodynamic cha...

A computer program for the aerodynamic design and analysis of airfoils is described. This program is intended for use in an undergraduate aerospace engineering curriculum. It allows the students to interactively change the airfoil shape, thickness and camber as well as flight conditions, and allows the student to design airfoils subject to a specified pressure distribution over the surface. The...