a debilitating muscle-and fat-wasting condition that is associated with multiple diseases, including cancer, diabetes, AIDS and tuberculosis, as well as injuries. Estimates reveal that up to 80% of all cancer patients suffer from cachexia, which not only leads to a decrease in the quality of life due to impaired mobility but also accounts directly for ~20% of cancer-related deaths (Fearon, 2008...

Loss of appetite and weight are one of the first symptoms of a malignant disease. In rapidly advancing cancer which does not respond to therapy, severe cachexia will undoubtedly lead to death. The cancer tissue and the body itself secrete cytokines and other factors, which, combined interfere with both central and peripheral metabolic pathways causing anorexia and cachexia. Assessing nutritiona...

Cancer Cachexia afflicts 50 - 80 percent of cancer patients with roughly 20 all dying cachexia. Metabolomics is the study different metabolites, their location in body, and timing appearance disappearance. As a result, this science can be applied to solve problem Cachexia. In review, I examine recent studies on metabolism that use as instrument discovery. Further, review details potential thera...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is chronic that affects mostly the lungs but there growing evidence it also a systemic condition associated with number of accompanying diseases known as comorbidities. inflammation and oxidative stress are highlight pathogenic processes interrelate COPD comorbidities additional specific risk factors mechanisms. Through complex interactions increases...

Cachexia, or wasting of skeletal muscle and fat, afflicts many patients with chronic diseases including cancer, organ failure, and AIDS. Muscle wasting reduces quality of life and decreases response to therapy. Cachexia is caused partly by elevated inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Others and we have shown that IL-6 alone is sufficient to induce cachexia both in vitro and ...

We thank Dr Degens et al. for their interesting comments. Our study aimed at evaluating the relationship between survival of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI, targeting PD-1 - PD-L1 pathway) and sarcopenia or cachexia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). took into account other known predictive factors ICPI efficiency, particularly tissue immunostaining score all patients...

COPD is a chronic disease of the lungs, but heterogeneous with respect to clinical manifestations and disease progression. This has consequences for health risk assessment, stratification and management. Heterogeneity can be driven by pulmonary events but also by systemic consequences (e.g. cachexia and muscle weakness) and co-morbidity (e.g. osteoporosis, diabetes and cardiovascular disease). ...

The Sudanese citrus industry is mainly based on oldline cultivars of grapefruit, sweet orange and willow leaf mandarin, grafted almost exclusively on sour orange. Infection with graft-transmissible agents, viroids in particular, may have deleterious effects on the productivity of these citrus species and, more importantly, limits the choice of rootstocks should sour orange be replaced by altern...

Cancer patients often experience weight loss caused by protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) during the course of the disease or treatment. PCM is expressed as severe if the patient has two or more of the following characteristics: obvious significant muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat; nutritional intake of <50% of recommended intake for 2 weeks or more; bedridden or otherwise significantly...