APE1 is an essential DNA repair protein that also possesses the ability to regulate transcription. It has a unique cysteine residue C65, which maintains the reduce state of several transcriptional activators such as NF-κB. How APE1 is being recruited to execute the various biological functions remains unknown. Herein, we show that APE1 interacts with a novel partner PRDX1, a peroxidase that can...

Riboswitches are functional mRNA that control gene expression. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) binds to thi-box riboswitch RNA and allosterically inhibits genes that code for proteins involved in the biosynthesis and transport of thiamine. Thiamine binding to the pyrimidine sensor helix and pyrophosphate binding to the pyrophosphate sensor helix cause changes in RNA conformation that regulate gene...

This paper proposes a tractable model to study the equilibrium diversity of technological progress and shows that equilibrium technological progress may exhibit too little diversity (too much conformity), in particular, foregoing socially bene…cial investments in “alternative”technologies that will be used at some point in the future. The presence of future innovations that will replace current...

The Terms and Relations of Comparison, Referential, and Relative Processes This paper develops the mathematical foundations of comparison, referential, and relative (CRR) processes. The key ingredients are: (1) three kinds of terms; and (2) two kinds of relations. Combining the three terms – absolute amount, relative amount, and relative rank – with the two kinds of relations – functions of one...

A significant number of parameterizations for the polarized parton densities have appeared in the literature. Using the CTEQ evolution package, these distributions have been evolved consistently preparatory to compilation into an integrated package in the spirit of PDFLIB by Plothow-Besch. Here, a comparison of a few of the more recent distributions are made. Table 1: This is a partial listing ...

PURPOSE The aim of this work was to analyze the bladder wall modifications after a chronic treatment with high doses of corticosterone in prepubertal rats. METHODS This study included 26 male rats assigned into four groups: T30 was treated with corticosterone until 29 days of age and killed at day 30, while T65 group received the same treatment but was killed at day 65. Each group had its own...

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR; hepatopoietin) is a recently discovered enigmatic flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase. An N-terminal His-tagged construct of the short form of the human protein has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Several lines of evidence suggest that, contrary to a recent report, human ALR is a disulfide-bridged dimer (linked via C15-C124) with two free cysteine resi...

We describe a study in which a comprehensive set of statistical tests verify the randomness of a large sample of pseudo-random numbers. These were derived from random electronic noise produced by a hardware random number generator used by Jupiter’s Network Gaming in their state-wide Keno game. The procedure developed is suited to testing large samples of supposedly random numbers under various ...

Spheroplasts of L. casei were prepared by the simultaneous action of trypsin and lysozymc in the presence of EDTA and 20 % sucrose. Electron microscopy of thin sections of cells during the formation of spheroplasts showed that the spheroplasts emerged from the cell wall through a weak point at one end of the cell. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations showed that the structure ...

This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. A unique final good is produced by combining inputs from two sectors. One of these sectors uses “dirty”machines and thus creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We characterize dynamic tax policies that ach...