Mass loss from the West Antarctic ice shelves and glaciers has been linked to basal melt by ocean heat flux. The Totten Ice Shelf in East Antarctica, which buttresses a marine-based ice sheet with a volume equivalent to at least 3.5 m of global sea-level rise, also experiences rapid basal melt, but the role of ocean forcing was not known because of a lack of observations near the ice shelf. Obs...

Despite constant monitoring, we lack a good explanation for the 2018–2019 protest crisis in Nicaragua. The escalation of protests, repression, duration, and death toll are surprising. Applying novel political economic cost framework, benchmark Nicaragua’s historical recent protests explain Ortega administration’s responses, thus providing rich case (with comparative data context) that makes sen...

laparoscopic surgery is now an integral part of the operative repertoire. single-incision laparoscopic surgery (sils) is a new technique developed for performing operations without a visible scar. pneumoperitoneum, as a necessary precondition of laparoscopic procedures, represents the restriction of the surgeon's freedom of movement and can lead to rare but typical complications. the single inc...

hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease that is common in the mediterranean region. thoracic wall, rib or extrapulmonary intrathoracic localization of the cysts is very rare. giant extrapulmonary intrathoracic hydatid cysts can lead to both diagnostic and treatment difficulties and can be confused with tumor. we present a case of a hydatid cyst with thoracic wall involvement mimicking tumor. we conf...

in spite of the fact that cementitious and concrete materials are mainly used on a large scale and inhuge quantities for roads, dams, bridges and building constructions, the mechanical behavior of thesematerials depends to a great extend on structural elements and phenomena which are effective on amicro and nanoscale. although this is well known by researchers, material producers and engineersf...

background and objective: mediastinal masses in children are a heterogenous group of asymptomatic potentially life-threatening congenital, infectious, or neoplastic lesions that present complex diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. materials and methods: the clinical and laboratory features of 65 patients who had open biopsies in ali-asghar hospital over 11 years were reviewed. results: seventy-...

osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma: os) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor of long bones, whereas primary osteosarcoma of chest wall, especially in sternum, is extremely rare. we report a 57-year-old man with an immobile slow growing mass located in the middle of the sternum. the patient had no significant pain or tenderness and the past medical history was not remarkable. ct-scan sh...

background some sonographic positions for detection of abdominal wall hernias needed .in this paper we described the sonographic technique of abdominal wall hernia. methods from june 2013 to july 2016, three hundred seventy four patients referred in our department for evaluation of abdominal wall hernia (median age, 38 years; range 2 - 86 years). one hundred and ninety patients had abdominal he...

Abstract Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality (ETI) have been responsible for the major transitions levels of selection and individuality natural history, such as origins prokaryotic eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms, eusocial insects. The integrated hierarchical organization life thereby emerged groups individuals repeatedly evolved into new more complex kinds individuals. Social ...

background & objective: abdominal cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules are uncommon lesions which may be benign or malignant. majority of the malignant nodules are metastatic in origin and may be the initial presentation of primary malignancy, hence an early diagnosis is important. our aim was to find out the spectrum of lesions (both non-neoplastic and neoplastic) that present as cutaneous a...