The detection of Middle Palaeolithic human activity areas represents a methodological challenge at the boundary between two disciplines: archaeology and spatial analysis. During course past decades, with democratisation tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), prehistorians have developed wide diversity methods for study organization occupation levels. We must now choose best adapted...

The present study was designed to investigate some hormonal and metabolites profiles of follicular fluid (FF) blood sera (BS) Iraqi camels during breeding season. 120 Ovaries were gathered from 60 adults (non-pregnant) dromedary that slaughtered in the butchery Al-Najaf governorate for period October 2020 march 2021 (the season). Ovarian venous samples collected before slaughter taken laborator...

Abstract Understanding the ontogenetic age and sex composition of zooarchaeological assemblages can reveal details about past human hunting herding strategies as well animal morphology behavior. As such, accuracy our estimates underlies ability to ascertain site formation gain insights into how people interacted with different animals in past. Unfortunately, typically rely on only a small numbe...

Abstract Three deciduous tooth crowns were found in Unit 18B El Castillo Cave (Spain), considered a transitional Middle-Upper Paleolithic with numerous 14 C dates means earlier than > 42–44 ka cal. BP. Our goal was to describe these teeth, compare them Neanderthal, Mousterian Modern Humans, and Early-Mid Upper fossils (through scatterplots Z -scores), analyze their morphology. The teeth cons...

Abstract The onset of the Middle Pleistocene (780 ka) in European continent is associated with significant environmental variations (Middle Revolution), innovative behavioural strategies (bifacial productions, land-use patterns, raw material management) and a global increase archaeological evidence from 600 ka onward. Whether these changes are related to rise Acheulean, informative potential ca...

background parapox virus is the causative agent of orf disease which is basically seen in sheep and goats. it can betransferred to the human by direct contact with infected animals or indirect contact to infected meat or contaminated butchery instruments like knife. the skin lesions are usually found in fingers. patients totally, 11 subjects from five families infected with orf disease were sur...

abstract: large quantities of beef and mutton tallow are available in iran every year. if these products are processed and formulated properly and scientifically, the need to import oils and fats in a substantial quantities might be reduced. the aim of this study is to fractionate beef tallow into different fractions and carry out physical and chemical tests on each isolated fraction. beef fat ...

Given its rustic nature, its butchery quality and its trypanotolerance, the N’Dama breed represents a significant potential for developing African cattle breeding [6]. To date, its zootechnical performance and reproductive characteristics have been the subject of relatively little work. The use of selection programmes and artificial insemination are highly significant challenges for developing ...

Social learning, as an information acquisition process, enables intergenerational transmission and the stabilisation of cultural forms, generating and sustaining behavioural traditions within human groups. Archaeologically, such social processes might become observable by identifying repetitions in the record that result from the execution of standardised actions. From a zooarchaeological persp...

neurobrucellosis (n.b) is a rare and severe form of systemic brucella infection. we introduced an unusual case that “psychologic symptoms” was the most prominent complaints of his family. he was a 50-year-old man who has worked in butchery. his problems had begun 2 months prior to his admission with mood disorders, arthralgia, weakness, headache, and night sweats; he has recurrent crying with n...