Osteoporosis is a global problem with an expected increase in fracture prevalence and public health burden as the world's population ages. Although excess mortality is well-described in those with low bone mineral density as well as those with recent hip and vertebral fractures, some uncertainty remains about whether this link is causal. Survival depends greatly on the fracture types, age, gend...

Summary Osteoporosis is a serious health condition internationally recognized in developed countries where its impact has been compared with other chronic diseases. Osteoporosis and its related fragility fractures have been reported to have a greater impact on patient quality of life and social costs than breast and prostate cancers. Introduction Consistent with trends in other regions of the w...

abstract objective : the policy makers and social managers need some criteria for building up the appropriate health status of the community and observe the equity and equality on it. they have to know the burden of diseases as a main determining factor for decision making, planning and programming. disability adjusted life years (dalys) is a criteria which shows the wasted life time due to ear...

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the harmful use of alcohol inflicts great deal of social and economic losses on individuals and societies. given the increase in world population and the predicted increase in alcohol consumption, the alcohol related burden of disease progressively catches higher ranks in the list of factors threatening humans' life. it has been considered that the social and economic burden related to alcohol ...

Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in men constitute a considerable burden in healthcare. We have reviewed 2035 men aged over 50 years with 2142 fractures to clarify the epidemiology of these injuries and their underlying risk factors. The prevalence of osteoporosis ranged between 17.5% in fractures of the ankle and 57.8% in those of the hip. The main risk factors associated with osteoporosis...

An ongoing need for safe and effective pharmacological therapies exists for postmenopausal osteoporosis, which imposes a significant burden on both women and the health-care system. Bazedoxifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator with a unique tissue-selectivity profile. In phase 3 clinical trials of nearly 10,000 postmenopausal women, bazedoxifene was shown to significantly reduc...