Introduction Rodent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) continually populate the olfactory bulb (OB). Once in the olfactory bulb, these NPCs migrate radially and integrate into preexcising neural circuitry. Based on histological evidence, the NPC distribution within the OB as well as their number can be effected when animals are continually exposed to odors [1,2]. However, a recent report provides c...

common but life-threatening complication of aortic reconstructive surgery [1]. Here we report on the diagnosis of an aortoduodenal fistula using an atypical endoscopic method. A 82-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with melena. He had undergone implantation of a prosthetic graft for a celiac trunk aneurysm 3 years ago. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan was nondiagnostic (●" F...

Suitable selection of cultivars, is one of the important determinant factors that affects on quantity and quality of bulb flowers at the climate of Iran. In order to, introducing superior cultivars of gladiolus for cultivation in temperate regions of Iran, the experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) in three replications with five cultivars of gladiolus including...

In many brain regions, hyperpolarization-activated cationic currents (Ih) are involved in the generation of rhythmic activities, but the role of Ih in olfactory oscillations remains unclear. Knowledge of the cellular and subcellular distributions of hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN) subunits is necessary for understanding the role of Ih in olfactory network a...

This research presents the first quantitative evaluation of the olfactory acuity in extinct theropod dinosaurs. Olfactory ratios (i.e. the ratio of the greatest diameter of the olfactory bulb to the greatest diameter of the cerebral hemisphere) are analysed in order to infer the olfactory acuity and behavioural traits in theropods, as well as to identify phylogenetic trends in olfaction within ...

Tuberose is one of the most important aromatic cut flower among ornamental plants that its growth and quality is influenced by the type and percentage of mineral compounds in the substrate. This study was carried out on the basis of a randomized complete design to explore the impact of feldspar, talc, dolomite and tuff minerals at the rate of 10, 20 and 40% incorporated with garden soil and man...

Antibacterial in vitro activity of white (bulb), red (bulb) and spring (bulb and leafs) onion towards the Gramnegative Escherichia coli 8752 and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis 8751 was investigated. Mature onion samples were purchased from a big supermarket while the green onion was organically grown. Experiments were performed via agar well diffusion method. Samples were separately homoge...

r primordia of length 0-5-1-4 mm, (iii) stalks of open hydranths (polarized, the stolon grows out of the cut basal end). (b) Immediate differentiation of a polyp. Shown by (i) stalk primordia longer than 1-7 mm "' and some between 1-4 and 1-7 mm, (ii) bulbs greater than 0-28 mm diameter (i.e. had reached contractile stage), (iii) bulb primordia of all sizes having a 'stalk' longer than 0-35 mm;...

The new inclined binocular microscopes when used with high-power objectives require much light to illuminate adequately the field of view. At least three times the light is necessary as for a similar optical combination on a monocular instrument. The ordinary opal bulbs even when over-run do not provide sufficient illumination, and of course with them there is no possibility of employing a ligh...