introduction: tympanoplasty is indicated to restore hearing disability and prevent recurrent otorrhea.  materials and methods: this study was a retrospective review of patients who underwent tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy over a 1-year period.  results: a total of 789 tympanoplasties were reviewed, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1. in total, 91% and 9% of tympanoplasties were p...

Prevention and rehabilitation of hearing loss and tinnitus, the two most commonly awarded service-connected disabilities, are high priority initiatives in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). At least 4,000 Veterans, most with significant hearing loss, will receive cisplatin this year, with more than half sustaining permanent hearing shift and nearly 40% developing new tinnitus. With improv...

OBJECTIVE Rates of premature mortality have been higher in Scotland than in England since the 1970s. Given the known association of diet with chronic disease, the study objective was to identify and synthesise evidence on current and historical differences in food and nutrient intakes in Scotland and England. DESIGN A rapid review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was carried out. Afte...

Feeding experiments were conducted quantitatively to examine the breakdown of mineral grains by earthworm, Eisenia feida, and larva of beetle, Protaetia lugubris insperata. Crushed and sieved test minerals of K-feldspar and/or quartz were mixed with artificial humus that contained no mineral grains. The mixture was fed to the soil animals in the plastic containers. After 1-, 4and 7-day experime...