We study the probabilities of evolution based on random mutations and natural selection. We conclude that evolution to multicellular eukaryots, or even prokaryots, is unlikely to be the result of only random mutations. Complex organisms have evolved through several mechanisms besides random mutations, namely DNA recombination, adaptive mutations, and acquisition of foreign DNA. We conclude that...

For most businesses, group work is the way in which ideas are given voice. In this study, ethnographic research was conducted to explore group work and the environments in which it occurs. The research provides context for architects and designers who are conceiving improvements or reinventing the ways the built environment (e.g., furnishings, décor and architecture) influence s the outcome of ...

BIST is a technique aimed to: Avoiding the usage of expensive ATE Increase the fault tolerance since it add more access to the internal points Allow the application of at-speed test and reduce the test time. It is mandatory to consider the BIST as a test solution when the design flow and the design area can afford it.

Students in grades four through twelve from fourteen schools learned to build their own immersive virtual environments (VEs). This required them to decide on the theme of their VE, to determine what objects to place in it and what behaviors these objects would exhibit, to model their objects using CAD software, to specify the form and function of the VE for professional programmers to use as th...

Density is a critical typology in determining sustainable urban built-form patterns. Built-formrefers to the assemblage and arrangement of the building masses in a city reflecting the spatial layout of spaces.The relationship between density and urban character is also based on at certain densities (thresholds). In a widersense, sustainable cities are a matter of density. Recent debates about t...