Gustatory neurons transmit chemical information from taste receptor cells, which reside in taste buds in the oral cavity, to the brain. As adult taste receptor cells are renewed at a constant rate, nerve fibers must reconnect with new taste receptor cells as they arise. Therefore, the maintenance of gustatory innervation to the taste bud is an active process. Understanding how this process is r...

Epithelial tissues are characterized by specialized cell-cell junctions, typically localized to the apical regions of cells. These junctions are formed by interacting membrane proteins and by cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components. Within the lingual epithelium, tight junctions join the apical tips of the gustatory sensory cells in taste buds. These junctions constitute a selective ba...

Pistachio produces an abundant number of inflorescent buds every year (during spring and early summer) which abscise mainly on fruiting branches during seed development. Competition of the developing ovaries/seeds with inflorescent buds for nutrients was suggested as being primarily responsible for bud abscission. Although leaf N correlated with bud retention, foliar application of N did not re...

In mammals, taste buds are localized mostly within two regions, i.e. lingual and palatal epithelium. In the lingual epithelium, taste buds are localized in three lingual papillae; fungiform, foliate and circumvallate papillae. In the palatal epithelium, taste buds are present in the nasoincisor papillae and soft palate. In addition, few taste buds are recognized at the laryngeal surface of epig...

Limitations of cuttings become an essential problem in the expansion cassava plantations. One strategy that can be taken is to reduce length and increase plant population area planted produce more stems per unit for next growing season. This study aimed determine effect cutting hectare on growth production stems. The research was carried out at Jambegede Agricultural Technology Research Assessm...

In a garden experiment we investigated the response to continuous removal of either flower buds or rosette buds in three perennial grassland species (Hypochaeris radicata, Succisa pratensis and Centaurea jacea), which differ in longevity and flowering type. We distinguished two possible responses: compensation for lost buds by making more buds of the same type, and switching towards development...

The sensory organs for taste in chickens (Gallus sp.) are taste buds in the oral epithelium of the palate, base of the oral cavity, and posterior tongue. Although there is not a pan-taste cell marker that labels all chicken taste bud cells, α-Gustducin and Vimentin each label a subpopulation of taste bud cells. In the present study, we used both α-Gustducin and Vimentin to further characterize ...

The architecture of spray cut chrysanthemum is crucial for the quality and quantity flower production. However, mechanism underlying plant still needs to be clarified. In this study, we measured nine architecture-related traits 195 varieties during a two-year period. results showed that number upper primary branches, lateral buds branch length widely varied. Additionally, height had significant...

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling by the polarizing region at the posterior margin of the chick wing bud is pivotal in patterning the digits but apart from a few key downstream genes, such as Hoxd13, which is expressed in the posterior region of the wing that gives rise to the digits, the genes that mediate the response to Shh signalling are not known. To find genes that are co-expressed with Hox...