This study explores costs of mouth brooding and the response of parent and offspring to brooding under hypoxia in the maternal African mouth brooder Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor. Fish of swamp origin were acclimated to hypoxia (1.42 mg oxygen L(-1)) or normoxia (8.00 mg oxygen L(-1)) for a minimum of 6 months prior to measures of metabolic rate and embryo traits. Regardless of brooding stage, s...

Parental care purportedly promotes individual reproductive success and improves offspring survival, but is thought to come at a cost the adult carer. Reproductive costs can be physiological such as resources parents spend on caring also morphological changes that are necessary accomplish parental activities. This study considers body condition in brooders of two paternal mouthbrooder fishes – w...

emergency medicine is a relatively new specialty in iran. therefore, the general public and the medical community do not have enough information on its duties, capabilities, its nature, and its work schedule or its degree of occupational difficulty compared to other specialties. hence, an insight from the early group of residents who selected this specialty can help identify the strengths and w...

in this paper, the researchers have proposed a multi-dimensional knapsack model for project capital budgeting problem in uncertain situation which has been modeled through fuzzy sets. the optimistic and pessimistic situations were considered and associated deterministic models were yielded. numerical example has been supplied toillustrate the performance of proposed model. the results were prom...

background & aim: german chamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants. so, assessment of genetic diversity and relationship among the traits are very essential in chamomile breeding programs. determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield of german chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l.) populations was investiga...

a total of 3204 abo and rh blood groups were investigated in larestan and lamerd populations, in fars province, in iran. the frequency of the a gene ranged from 16.54% to 21.96, the b gene from 15.85 to 27.77% and that of the d gene from 21.49 to 33.01% ; compared with the gene frequencies of 20.97% for the b and 28.50% for the d in the general population. it seemed that the two populations stu...

In poultry broiler production facilities, it is important to understand the sources and contribution of reservoir populations of pathogens. The lesser mealworm beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is a common pest in poultry litter that is reported to carry pathogens affecting both human and animal health. This study investigates whether the carriage of a bacterial pathogen occurs by the ha...

Penaeus vannamei is an exotic shrimp species that has gained high culture momentum, since its introduction to India [1]. Currently, the culture of the species in the Country is being done by the shrimp farmers by importation of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) vannamei broodstock from approved suppliers, which are located overseas. The value of one brooder normally ranges from 50 to 61 US $, exclud...

Deep-water gorgonian corals are long-lived organisms found worldwide off continental margins and seamounts, usually occurring at depths of ∼200-1,000 m. Most corals undergo sexual reproduction by releasing a planktonic larval stage that disperses; however, recruitment rates and the environmental and biological factors influencing recruitment in deep-sea species are poorly known. Here, we presen...