Because the list of interstitial lung diseases is so extensive, encompassing more than 180 chronic lung diseases in which the interstitium is altered by inflammation and/or fibrosis, this chapter focuses on several inflammatory lung diseases of unknown etiology: usual interstitial pneumonitis, respiratory bronchiolitis, idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, pulmonary La...

In order to analyse trends in the bronchiolitis hospitalisations in the Netherlands from 1991 to 1999 for children aged 0-4 years, the national number of bronchiolitis hospitalisations were compared with those of asthma and pneumonia hospitalisations of the same age group. The number of bronchiolitis hospitalisations significantly increased, whereas the number of asthma and pneumonia hospitalis...

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of diffuse infiltrative lung disease. It is a diagnostic consideration in patients with a febrile flu-like illness of a few weeks' duration and a roentgenogram showing bilateral patchy infiltrates that are not responsive to a typical course of antibiotics. It is defined as granulated tissue plu...

Bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans, described first by Lange in 1901, is an obliterative process of the bronchioles in which there is extensive damage to the bronchial wall involving all the constituent elements (the epithelium, elastic tissue, and muscle fibres), and the lumen is partially or totally occluded by bronchial exudate organized by fibroblasts and capillaries. The disease is extremely...

A young woman with ulcerative colitis developed pneumonia, which responded to corticosteroids. Histological examination showed this to be bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present article is to present a review of the main clinical issues faced by pediatricians while defining the diagnosis, management and prognosis of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans. SOURCES Data from national and international scientific journals selected from the Lilacs and Medline databases. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS With the purpose of establishing the...

Heterotopic tracheal allografts in small rodents have been shown to share many characteristics with the development of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in the clinic and therefore provide a suitable animal model for the study of OB. The model facilitates the examination of the pathogenesis of the disease and the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its development. Th...

BACKGROUND Lung transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage lung diseases. Bronchiolitis obliterans, which is known as non-infectious chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in the new classification, is the greatest threat to long-term survival after lung transplantation. This study investigated the role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and montelukast in transplantation-related br...