Scent marking can provide behavioral and physiological information including territory ownership and mate advertisement. It is unknown how mating status and pair cohabitation influence marking by males from different social systems. We compared the highly territorial and monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) to the less territorial and promiscuous white-footed mouse (P. leucopus...

Leprosis is a serious disease of citrus caused by Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, genus Cilevirus) whose transmission is mediated by false spider mites of the genus Brevipalpus. CiLV-C infection does not systemically spread in any of its known host plants, thus remaining restricted to local lesions around the feeding sites of viruliferous mites. To get insight into this unusual pathosystem, we...

Brevipalpus yothersi Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is reported for the first time on cocoa, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae) in northwestern Peru. Mites were collected from organic cocoa smallholdings September to December 2020 eight localities (three Provinces) of Piura Department. The highest mite population density was found peduncle and epicarps fruits different phenological stages, lowest lea...

abstract in order to identify the plant parasitic nematodes of rapeseed fields in north khorasan provice, during years 2007-2008, 50 soil and root samples were collected. nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique and transferred to glycerin according to the modified de grisse method (1969). the permanent slides were prepared from the extracted nematodes. the nematodes were ide...

The discontinuous gas exchange cycle of the pseudoscorpion Garypus californicus, mean mass 5.9 mg, is rudimentary and is characterized by bursts of CO(2) at frequencies ranging from 3.6 mHz at 15 degrees C to 13.3 mHz at 35 degrees C. The mean volume of CO(2) emitted per burst is 3.6 micro l g(-1) at 25 degrees C, about a tenth of the amount emitted by tracheate arthropods with a well developed...

10 Red carotenoid-based coloration is widely distributed across marine and terrestrial animals and 11 has taken a prominent role in studies of how phenotypic traits evolve in response to natural and 12 sexual selection. Key to these studies is an understanding of the physiological mechanisms that 13 give rise to red coloration, yet an ideal model system for such work has not been identified. Th...

10 Astaxanthin is the dominant carotenoid pigment found in the marine copepod, Tigriopus 11 californicus (Baker), giving these animals orange-red coloration. Like all metazoans, T. 12 californicus must convert carotene or hydroxy-carotenoids present in their algal diet to 13 astaxanthin. Other astaxanthin-pigmented crustaceans have been shown to use a precursor14 specific bioconversion pathway ...

Predator-prey systems having a specialist predator often are over-exploitive, unstable and transient while similar systems having a generalist predator show less ßuctuation, more stability and regulation of prey at lower densities. These population dynamics also affect dispersal patterns between specialist and generalist predators. In this study, ambulatory and aerial dispersal were assessed fo...

Pleometrosis, or colony founding via multiple queens, occurs in a localized population of the seedharvester ant Pogonomyrmex californicus. In an apparently unusual secondary modification, queens of P. californicus are also obligate foragers; that is, queens must forage to garner the resources necessary to rear their first brood. Laboratory experiments measured the costs and benefits of pleometr...

repeatability, (the consistency with which a given trait is expressed) of aggressiveness against prey (attack latency) in gravid females of the predatory mite neoseiulus californicus (mcgregor) was examined. in two experiments, prey - conspecific individuals, the onion thrips thrips tabaci (lindeman), and the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae koch- were repeatedly offered in various n...