We present a novel experiment to evaluate the role of confusion in explaining the dynamics of contributions in public goods experiments. In a learning condition we keep the subjects confused by withholding the information that would be necessary for them to understand the game. The comparison of the results with those of a standard public goods treatment provides a lower bound for the influence...

abdol karim al karami – called abu salma – is one of the famous palestinian poets and arabic contemporary avant – garde. he loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. the poet combines kindness between consummation and separation, reality and dream in general. the present article follows up the aesthetics aspects in women description and studies his descriptions in...