The purpose of this paper is to survey the possible topologies of branching space-times, and, in particular, to refute the popular notion in the literature that a branching space-time requires a non-Hausdorff topology. 1 Branching MWI space-times Two basic types of branching universe have been suggested in modern mathematical physics: universes which branch in a style befitting the ‘many-worlds...

For theMathieu differential equation y(x)+[a−2q cos(x)]y(x) = 0with purely imaginary parameter q = is, the characteristic value a exhibits branching points. We analyze the properties of the Mathieu functions and their Fourier coefficients in the vicinity of the branching points. Symmetry relations for the Mathieu functions as well as the Fourier coefficients behind a branching point are given. ...

We present a branch-and-cut algorithm to solve capacitated network design problems. Given a capacitated network and point-to-point traac demands, the objective is to install more capacity on the edges of the network and route traac simultaneously, so that the overall cost is minimized. We study a mixed-integer programming formulation of the problem and identify some new facet deening inequaliti...

We derive a closed-form expression for all genus 1 Hurwitz numbers, and give a simple new graph-theoretic interpretation of Hurwitz numbers in genus 0 and 1. (Hurwitz numbers essentially count irreducible genus g covers of the sphere, with arbitrary specified branching over one point, simple branching over other specified points, and no other branching. The problem is equivalent to counting tra...

In this paper, I explore the feasibility of a realistic interpretation of the quantum mechanical path integral — that is, an interpretation according to which the particle actually follows the paths that contribute to the integral. I argue that an interpretation of this sort requires spacetime to have a branching structure similar to the structures of the branching spacetimes proposed by previo...

The performance of the two types of vapor-injection (VI) cycles in a heat pump system is compared. The vaporinjection cycle using an internal heat exchanger (IHX) has a choice to select the branching point of the injection stream. The two VI cycles are different in terms of branching points of the injection stream. Different branching points of the injection stream influence the heating capacit...

For a graph $G$ with edge set $E(G)$, the multiplicative sum Zagreb index of $G$ is defined as$Pi^*(G)=Pi_{uvin E(G)}[d_G(u)+d_G(v)]$, where $d_G(v)$ is the degree of vertex $v$ in $G$.In this paper, we first introduce some graph transformations that decreasethis index. In application, we identify the fourteen class of trees, with the first through fourteenth smallest multiplicative sum Zagreb ...