Branchial arch development involves dynamic interactions between neural crest cells as well as ectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal cell populations. Despite their importance and evolutionary conservation, the intercellular interactions guiding the early development of the branchial arches are still poorly understood. We have here studied fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in early phar...

We have estimated the branchial venous blood flow in the Atlantic cod by direct single-crystal Doppler blood flow measurements in vivo. In the undisturbed animal, this flow amounts to 1.7 ml min~ kg~', which corresponds to about 8 % of the cardiac output. Studies of both an isolated perfused gill apparatus in situ and simultaneous measurements of cardiac output and branchial venous flow in vivo...

Congenital fourth branchial arch anomalies are uncommon entities. Most of these anomalies are diagnosed in childhood. The majority of cases occur on the left side. The clinical presentation of these anomalies varies with age. A respiratory distress is the usual clinical presentation in neonates, cervical cutaneous fistulas in late childhood or acute suppurative thyroiditis. Multiples diagnostic...

The octopus circulatory system is atypical of the molluscs, with a medially situated ventricle generating high arterial blood pressures (Johansen & Martin, 1962; Wells, 1979). Using free-moving Octopus dofleini, Johansen & Martin (1962) demonstrated the presence of an accessory branchial pump, boosting the venous blood pressure, between the anterior vena cava and the afferent branchial vessel. ...

Objectives. Pyriform sinus fistulae arise from disturbances in the development of the fetal third and fourth branchial pouches and are predominantly found on the left side. We report the rare case of a right-sided pyriform sinus fistula presenting as a lateral neck abscess. Study Design. Case report. Methods. A 24-year-old woman presented with a two-week history of right-sided neck abscess. A f...

Branchial cyst typically presents as a unilateral, soft tissue swelling that is located deep to the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid in the lateral aspect of the neck of a child or young adult. It is very essential that an accurate clinical diagnosis and in certain cases appropriate imaging is performed so that definite treatment can be carried out. The authors present the case of a 40 ye...

This report presents a rare case of multiple accessory tragi, which developed at an unusual site outside derivative branchial arch, in this the nose. Thus far, to our knowledge is 4th reported ofsimilar nature world. significantin that, first with tragus present along midline dorsum

the osteology of the hyoid and branchial arches in several representatives of eurypterygian fishes were examined. the hyoid arches consist of a single basihyal and urohyal, and the arch on each side consists of a dorsal and a ventral hypohyal, an anterior and posterior ceratohyal, an interhyal, and branchiostegal rays that are borne on the ceratohyals. the branchial arches consist of three sing...