Let k be a non-negative integer. A branch vertex of a tree is a vertex of degree at least three. We show two sufficient conditions for a connected clawfree graph to have a spanning tree with a bounded number of branch vertices: (i) A connected claw-free graph has a spanning tree with at most k branch vertices if its independence number is at most 2k + 2. (ii) A connected clawfree graph of order...

Data collected from four distinct canopy positions from each of 39 Abies balsamea (L.) Miller trees were used to construct models to describe the cumulative leaf area distribution within the crown and to predict the needle mass of individual branches, the average branch angle, branch diameter, branch length, and crown radius per whorl, and the average number of living branches per whorl. We tes...

The non-clock model is the standard model used in phylogenetic inference. As mentioned in one of the previous lectures, it can be considered as a branch-breaking model which allows the evolutionary rate to be different for each branch in the tree. Because of this, the non-clock tree model has a large number of free parameters, one for each branch in the tree. If there are n tips in the tree, th...

to evaluate the effect of zn sulfate foliar application on morphologic and quantitative characteristics of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) cultivars, a field experiment carried out in ramin agriculture and natural resources university of khouzestan, iran, in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with four replications, during 2012-2013. treatments consisted of two sp...

This paper explores the approximation of addition mod 2n by addition mod 2w, where 1 ≤ w ≤ n, in ARX functions that use large words (e.g., 32-bit words or 64-bit words). Three main areas are explored. First, pseudo-linear approximations aim to approximate the bits of a w-bit window of the state after some rounds. Second, the methods used in these approximations are also used to construct trunca...

Mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problems arise in scientific and operational applications ranging from the reordering of nuclear fuel rods to the design of wireless networks. We present some novel mixed-integer nonlinear optimization applications and review existing solution techniques. We also describe some experiments with nonlinear branch-and-bound branching techniques that lead us to p...

The performance of an optimized tree-type cylindrical-shaped nanoporous fltering membrane proposed in the former study is analytically investigated for varying operational parameter values. Across the membrane thickness, this membrane has two-leveled tree-structured pores including one trunk pore and the multiple branch pores. The physical properties of the surfaces of ...

this research had conducted to investigate light intensity effects on the lucky bamboo growth in islamic azad university, abhar branch. the experiment arranged as a complete randomized block design with five treatments (0.75, 1.14, 1.89, 2.29 and 4.09 mmol m-2 s-1) in ten replications. results showed that 1.89 mmol m-2 s-1 had significant differences than other treatments. the higher level of r...

Recent systems have been paved the way for being high-performance due to the super-pipelining, dynamic scheduling and superscalar processor technologies. The performance of the system is greatly affected by the accuracy of the branch prediction because the overhead of each misprediction has grown due to greater number of instructions per cycle and the deepened pipeline. Hybrid branch prediction...