The utilization of the lining type in pressure tunnels is highly dependent on the geological and hydraulic conditions. There are two types of lining, namely concrete and steel lining but steel lining is one of the most expensive arrangements. To decrease the length of steel lining in these tunnels, the concrete lining, which prevents water seepage from the surrounding rock mass, is the appropri...

By conducting an interview survey using actual driving videos, we found that normal drivers without the right of way have incorrect awareness of the potential hazards when entering a non-signalized intersection. We also conducted a questionnaire survey in which subjects answered a sequence of their driving behaviors concerning when and how they make safety checks and operate the accelerator and...

The condition of brake fluid is important to automotive safety, reliability and brake system longevity. Brake fluid absorbs moisture over time. Increasing moisture levels in the brake fluid lower the boiling point, increase viscosity and cause corrosion of system components. Brake fluid with high moisture content can boil when extreme braking is required or a pad sticks. The effect of boiling i...

The dynamic characteristic of pneumatic brake system is very important, so the full-parameter model of the pneumatic brake system was established on the base of the technology of computer simulation. Its key brake components include brake valve, relay valve, diaphragm brake chamber and pneumatic circuit. AMESim was first introduced on the basis of mathematical derivation. So the multivariable c...

Air brake system has been widely used in heavy trucks and intercity buses for its great superiority over other brake system. The practical performance of air brake system may be greatly different from if we analyze it with static theory. Thus, it is necessary to build an integrate air brake system model to simulate the process of brake accurately. However, the dynamic mathematic model of air br...

gas motion within the cylinder is one of the major factors that control the combustion process in spark ignition engine. it also has significant impact on heat transfer. both the bulk gas motion and the turbulence characteristics of the flow are important and governing the overall behavior of the flow. an arrangement for obtaining a stratified charge, using port injection, is proposed for a cur...

Abstract The design of dry-running friction pairings and systems determines not only their installation space costs, but also reliability under critical load conditions, for example in emergencies, the case faults, event misuse. While knowledge contact pattern is highly important development clutches brakes, contact-related measurement temperature these has yet been solved a satisfactory manner...