hematological investigations were all within normal limits. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography of the brain and orbit demonstrated compression of the right abducens nerve superiorly and laterally by dolichoectatic left VA. No other abnormal signals were seen in brainstem [Figure 1]. Owing to the fact that the right abducens nerve palsy was mild and the patient showed no diplopia...

BACKGROUND Cerebral hemorrhage is common in patients with cancer, but the clinical features and pathogenesis of liver cancer patients with cerebral hemorrhage are not well known. MATERIAL AND METHODS Liver cancer patients who developed cerebral hemorrhage were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2003 and December 2014. We retrospectively an...

The management of brainstem metastases is challenging. Surgical treatment is usually not an option, and chemotherapy is of limited utility. Stereotactic radiosurgery has emerged as a promising palliative treatment modality in these cases. The goal of this study is to assess our single institution experience treating brainstem metastases with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). This retrospective c...

PURPOSE Spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation is common in anterior circulation infarction, but is rarely seen in brainstem infarction. We report a case of massive symptomatic brainstem hemorrhagic transformation in a patient with pontine infarction treated with only antiplatelet agents. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old man presented with acute dysarthria and right sided weakness. His Glasgow coma ...

Holmes tremor is a rare movement phenomenon, with atypical low-frequency tremor at rest and when changing postures, often related to brainstem pathology. We report a 70-year-old female patient who was presented with dystonic head and upper limb tremor after brainstem hemorrhage. The patient had experienced a sudden onset of left hemiparesis and right facial paralysis. Brain magnetic resonance i...

Since the outbreak of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Malaysia in 1997, large epidemics of EV71 have occurred in the Asia-Pacific region. Many children and infants have died from serious neurological complications during these epidemics, and EV71 infection has become a serious public health problem in these areas. EV71 infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, and...