Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the potential for identifying, in vivo, specific brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. The detection of small morphological differences in areas such as the prefrontal cortex, limbic structures, and basal ganglia requires attention to a number of technical and methodological details. The effects of age, height, sex, head size, and overall tis...

We are reporting a female case of semantic dementia. Characteristic of this type of dementia, she could not recognize some objects such as a pencil, a ruler or her dominant hand. When shown a pencil, she would ask “What is a pencil?” Her brain MRI showed atrophy of bilateral temporal lobes, especially anterior poles. SPECT also showed abnormally decreased blood flow in temporal lobes and fronta...

The olfactory and accessory lobes in the crayfish are large spherical neuropils found on each side of its brain. The olfactory lobes receive the afferent axons of chemoreceptors that are located along the outer branches of the biramous first antennae. The accessory lobes receive a large input from interneurons whose axons lie in the deutocerebral commissure. A pair of large serotonergic neurons...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender on the distribution of pancreatic islets in native chicken. Ten adult male and ten adult female Isfahan native chickens were used in this experiment. Results showed a distinct sexual dimorphism in the native chicken pancreas which depends upon the various fractions of the pancreatic lobes, which were occupied by alpha, beta an...

background: chronic daily headache (cdh) has gained little attention in functional neuro-imaging. when no structural abnormality is found in cdh, defining functional correlates between activated brain regions during headache bouts may provide unique insights towards understanding the pathophysiology of this type of headache. methods: we recruited four cdh cases for comprehensive assessments, in...

A 67-year-old woman was hospitalized for rehabilitation from the after effects of a traumatic brain injury. In addition to memory impairment, attention disorder, and executive dysfunction, she experienced musical hallucinations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral contusion in the bilateral temporal lobes and the left frontal lobe. Case reports of musical hallucinations caused by...

The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a complex group of neuropsychiatric conditions involving language, social communication, and mental flexibility. Here, we attempt to place recent genetic advances within a developmental and anatomical context. Recent progress in identifying ASD candidate genes supports involvement of multiple brain regions, including the frontal lobes, anterior temporal ...