The aim of this study is to present the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify those characteristics of brain injuries that are associated with the development of seizures. We identified 5984 episodes of TBI (loss of consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia, or skull fracture) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1935 to 1984. Of these, 4541 were followed for seizure. Injuries were c...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogenous disease that can lead to persistent disability or death. The immediate mechanical disruption of brain tissue is followed by a phase of secondary brain injury. During this phase TBI challenges clinical interventions due to its complexity. Increased knowledge is needed about the operating molecules and their time-windows. We used cerebral cortical co...

The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical value of continuously monitoring serum CC16 levels in diagnosing pulmonary contusion, estimating its severity degree and predicting disease progression. Thirty-one acute trauma patients with lung contusion diagnosed by chest computed tomography (CT) were included, and chest CT was re-examined on day 1, 3 and 7 after injury. Calculating al...

The inflammatory reaction is important in secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rapamycin has been demonstrated as a neuroprotective agent in a mouse model of TBI, however, there is a lack of data regarding the effects of rapamycin on the inflammatory reaction following TBI. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the effects of treatment with rapamycin on inflamm...

Specimens of normal human brain, contused brain, brain with bacterial meningitis, and brain tumours were immunolabelled for aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and Kir4.1. In normal brain tissue, AQP4 and Kir4.1 were detected around the microvessels. In pathological brain tissue, AQP4 was upregulated in astrocytes in oedematous regions and Kir4.1 was upregulated in astrocytes in damaged brain. Changes in alpha ...

The aim of the present study was to create a feasible specific rat model of isolated bilateral pulmonary contusion (PC) and to evaluate the relationship between severity of hypoxemia and quantity of contusion lesions. Anesthetized rats were placed in a prone position. Injury energy ranging from 2.1 to 3.0 J was produced by a falling weight passed through a specially designed arched shield to th...

After traumatic brain injury (TBI) elderly patients suffer from higher mortality rate and worse functional outcome compared to young patients. However, experimental TBI research is primarily performed in young animals. Aim of the present study was to clarify whether age affects functional outcome, neuroinflammation and secondary brain damage after brain trauma in mice. Young (2 months) and old ...

trauma. In this report, we present a remarkable case of multiple lung and brain lesions caused by aspergillosis after a falling incident. A 54-year-old male was admitted with multiple trauma (brain contusion, aspiration pneumonitis with pulmonary contusion, right humerus fracture and right scapular fracture) due to a 6-m fall and aspiration of slops. In view of aspiration pneumonitis (Figure 1,...

BACKGROUND Management of tibial fractures associated with soft tissue injury remains controversial. Previous studies have assessed perfusion of the fractured tibia and surrounding soft tissues in the setting of a normal soft tissue envelope. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of muscle contusion on blood flow to the tibial cortex and muscle during reamed, intramedullary nail...

BACKGROUND The aims of the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart study were to evaluate the arrhythmogenic consequences of myocardial contusion and to determine the mechanism of arrhythmia. METHODS Six hearts were in the control group, and 24 hearts (intact heart protocol) were submitted to one of four different contusion kinetic energies (75, 100, 150, or 200 millijoules [mJ]; n = 6). Occurrence...