a 25-year-old afghan male was presented to the emergency department with femoral shaft fracture following fall from the height. the patient was subjected to femoral nerve block and general anesthesia. first try for performing nerve block led to vascular puncture. therefore, the needle was removed and re-inserted 1 cm lateral to first puncture site and dex injected slowly with aspiration check a...

Neonatal rodents deficient in medullary serotonin neurons have respiratory instability and enhanced spontaneous bradycardias. This study asks if, in Pet-1(-/-) mice over development: 1) the respiratory instability leads to hypoxia; 2) greater bradycardia is related to the degree of hypoxia or concomitant hypopnea; and 3) hyperthermia exacerbates bradycardias. Pet-1(+/+), Pet-1(+/-), and Pet-1(-...

A 9-month-old intact male Maltese dog (1.52 kg) was diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA was performed by using the Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO). After occlusion, reflex bradycardia occurred and lasted for at least 15 h with normal systolic arterial pressure and slightly increased diastolic arterial pressure. The bradycardia slowly resolved,...

Sinus bradycardia can be defined as a sinus rhythm with a resting heart rate of 60 beats per minute or less. While it is assumed that increased autonomic parasympathetic activity is associated with sinus bradycardia, such an association has yet to be proven. The aims of this study were to compute a number of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in healthy individuals with sinus bradycardia a...

In dogs anesthetized with intravenous chloralose, vasopressin was injected either intravenously or into the cerebral ventricles, and the cardiovascular effects were studied before and after stabilizing the arterial blood pressure, bilateral vagotomy, and transection of the cervical cord at the level of C2. Intravenous vasopressin caused a rise in arterial blood pressure and pronounced bradycard...