INTRODUCTION Despite the existence of laws and much publicity surrounding software piracy, it is widely believed that software piracy is commonplace (Eining & Christensen, 1991; Simpson, Banerjee, & Simpson, 1994). A recent study (i.e., Business Software Alliance, 1999) confirms that software piracy is increasing, with a 2.5 percent increase in piracy in 1998 over 1997, resulting in $3.2 billio...

(Continued on p. 2) Large European Data Base Indicates STM Effective Method of Family Planning Since 1984, German researchers from the University of Dusseldorf and the University of Heidelberg have been developing and analyzing a data set of menstrual cycles collected from multiple European sites. This long-term menstrual cycle data base (of 32,788 prospectively collected menstrual cycles) was ...

For cake cutting, cuts are parallel to an axis or segment and yield rectangular pieces. As such, cutting a cake is viewed as dividing a line segment. For pie cutting, cuts are radial from the center of a disc to the circumference and yield sectors or wedge-shaped pieces. As such, cutting a pie is viewed as dividing a circle. This difference in topology is apparent in the minimal number of cuts ...

www.pharmtech.com nalytical method development is a critical part of the drug development process. Analytical methods are used to check the quality of materials that will be used in clinical trials. As drug development progresses toward registration, these and other methods are used to generate information that will enable quality to be designed into the manufacturing processes of drug substanc...

In this paper, we study the application of the box counting method (BCM) to estimate the fractal dimension of 3D plant foliage. We use artificial crowns with known theoretical fractal dimension to characterize the accuracy of the BCM and we extend the approach to 3D digitized plants. In particular, errors are experimentally characterized for the estimated values of the fractal dimension. Result...

The effects of ash and sulfur content on the morphology particulate matter (PM) in diesel particle filter (DPF) were investigated with five different components lubricants. aggregate primary particles analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). fractal dimensions carbon calculated by box-counting method (BCM), differential (DBC), relative (RDBC) MAD-based box counting (MAD-DBC), resu...

Since Benoît Mandelbrot raised the question about the length of Britain’s coastline in 1967, it has become obvious that fractal geometry is appropriate for describing irregular forms. In 1996 Carl Bovill applied box-counting, a fractal analysis method, for the first time to architecture in order to quantify the characteristic visual complexity of facades. This paper presents an approach utilizi...

A novel approach for selecting an appropriate bin size for cell-based diversity assessment is presented. The method measures the sensitivity of the diversity index as a function of grid resolution, using a box-counting algorithm that is reminiscent of those used in fractal analysis. It is shown that the relative variance of the diversity score (sum of squared cell occupancies) of several common...

Fractal geometry has sparked considerable interest for analyzing remote sensing imageries. Fractal models have been used in several image processing and pattern recognition applications such as texture analysis and classification. Applications of fractal geometry in remote sensing rely heavily on estimation of the fractal dimension (D). When land areas are clustered into groups of similar land ...