Spatial Data Warehouses (SDWs) allow to analyze historical data represented in a space supporting the decision-making process. SDW applications require a multidimensional view of data that includes dimensions with hierarchies and facts with associated measures. In particular, hierarchies are important since traversing them users can analyze detailed and aggregated measures. To better represent ...

The large number of components, nonlinear interactions, time delays and feedbacks, and spatial heterogeneity together often make ecological systems overwhelmingly complex. This complexity must be effectively dealt with for understanding and scaling. Hierarchy theory suggests that ecological systems are nearly completely decomposable (or nearly decomposable) systems because of their loose vertic...

During the Pahlavi era, Iran's widespread developments influenced by the industrial revolution led to a lot of changes in family structure and by changing the function of family and the roles and relations of family members, paved the way for a change in the houses' spatial organization. Therefore, the main question addressed in this study is: “"What changes are brought about in the space organ...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we study the boundary-value problem of fractional‎ ‎order dynamic equations on time scales‎, ‎$$‎ ‎^c{delta}^{alpha}u(t)=f(t,u(t)),;;tin‎ ‎[0,1]_{mathbb{t}^{kappa^{2}}}:=j,;;1

The high/low hierarchy respects the ordering of degrees, and so we can expect to find properties of order which are possessed by all degrees in a given hierarchy class. Such properties can also be found for classes of the generalized high/low hierarchy even though that hierarchy does not respect the ordering of the degrees. For example, Jockusch and Posner [4], extending a result of Cooper [l],...

H uman activities have degraded substantial portions of the nation’s ecological resources, including physical and biological aquatic systems. The effects are continuing and cumulative, and few high-quality aquatic ecosystems remain in the United States. Concern about these diminishing resources has resulted in numerous restoration programs. Some are well conceived and address complex ecosystem ...

The international conference 'Models in population dynamics and ecology 2010: animal movement, dispersal and spatial ecology' took place at the University of Leicester, UK, on 1-3 September 2010, focusing on mathematical approaches to spatial population dynamics and emphasizing cross-scale issues. Exciting new developments in scaling up from individual level movement to descriptions of this mov...