BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin A injections are indicated for the management of movement disorders, including upper limb spasticity. The aim of this study was to compare the cost per patient per injection for two botulinum toxin A preparations in 19 countries. METHODS Doses of botulinum toxin A are expressed in noninterchangeable units (U), ie, Botox(®) in 100 Allergan units (100 U) and Dysport(®...

We report the results of an open trial of botulinum toxin (Botox) in the treatment of 51 patients with disabling tremors, classified as dystonic (14), essential (12), combination of dystonic and essential (22), parkinsonian (1), peripherally induced (1), and midbrain (1). The average age of the patients was 55.8 years, and duration of symptoms was 13.9 years. During a total of 160 treatment vis...

Botulinum toxin is used in various fields of medicine, including in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Three products containing botulinum toxin are commercially available in Sweden; Botox, Dysport and Neurobloc. In the literature dose-response has varied with respect to these 3 products. We hypothesized that the dilution level of botulinum toxin is of importance for the effect and we therefore in...

BACKGROUND Nerves are key factors in prostate cancer (PCa), but the functional role of innervation in prostate cancer is poorly understood. PCa induced neurogenesis and perineural invasion (PNI), are associated with aggressive disease. METHOD We denervated rodent prostates chemically and physically, before orthotopically implanting cancer cells. We also performed a human neoadjuvant clinical ...

Hypertrophic scars exhibit a higher prevalence within groups with darker skin tones. The Vancouver Scar Scale, patient and observer scar evaluation scale, high resolution ultrasound, Modified Scales, ultra-high frequency tonometry, multiphoton microscopy laser Doppler imaging are considered to be optimal tools for measurement of scar. therapeutic modalities employed the hypertrophic management ...

INTRODUCTION Chronic scrotal pain (CSP) is a common, often debilitating, condition affecting approximately 4.75% of men. While nerve blocks using local anesthetics usually provide temporary pain relief, there are no publications on the use of longer acting nerve blocks to provide more durable pain relief for men with CSP. AIM The aim of this study was to determine if onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox...