Bu araştırma vücut geliştirme sporcularının bigoreksiya ile özgüven düzeylerini tespit etmek ve birbiri olan ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sporcuların tarama modelinde tasarlanmış bir araştırmadır. Araştırma grubu Aksaray ilinde bulunan düzenli olarak sporu ilgilenen 145 erkek sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin sağlanmasında “Kas Dismorfik Bozukluğu (Bigoreksiya) Envanteri”...

This essay focuses on the practice of female bodybuilding (in form we know it today) from perspectives domination and empowerment, social influence power. The primary theoretical frame reference is Bourdieu’s field-habitus-capital approach, though this also discusses some limitations applications theory, since Bourdieu linked with working class only did not discuss as a middle feminism connotat...

In the mid-1960s, bodybuilding coach Vince Gironda began promoting raw milk. Done alongside nutritional supplement entrepreneur Rheo H. Blair, pair claimed (unpasteurised) milk was most anabolic and ‘pure’ substance available to men. Accordingly, cream were presented as effective steroids used by bodybuilders. Studies of have often focused on manufacturing, trading politics surrounding foodstuf...

Aesthetic plastic surgery is a branch of medicine using surgical techniques to alter the appearance of patients. In this paper it is considered whether aesthetic plastic surgery should be viewed as an art form. The question is answered by trying to see how aesthetic plastic surgery fits a number of classical concepts in philosophical aesthetics, concepts such as “artist” and “work of art”. Furt...

BACKGROUND Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is rare and can be promoted by various conditions. We report the case of cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient using androgens. CASE DESCRIPTION A 31-year-old man using androgens for bodybuilding was admitted for headache and vomiting. He had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, but extensive examinations did not reveal any known cause. CONCLUSIONS...

Serum creatine kinase (CK) activities were investigated in elite male strength athletes (n = 20) during normal weight training and bodybuilding training (one training session per day), during high volume strength training (two sessions per day) and during strength training (one session per day) with the use of high dose synthetic androgens (five athletes in each subgroup). The findings demonstr...

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the features of Muscle Dysmorphia and other body image-related concerns in a sample of competitive male bodybuilders. Method: We screened 217 male athletes, 119 bodybuilders and 98 fitness practitioners, recruited in 12 gymnasiums in Southern Italy, by means of an ad hoc sociodemographic schedule, the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) ...