G. Gu, M. Fang, B. Virasingh, A. Groff, J. Freed, C. Clifton, Y. Li, D. Cheng Alliance Pharma Inc. Purpose Mice are one of the most commonly used animals in drug discovery pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. Guidelines are established for the frequency and amount of blood that can be collected from a single animal. Since the mouse’s body size is limited, parallel blood sampling is generally used wher...

Mice have become more important as genetically-modified model animals for analysis of physiological functions. The establishment of a frequent blood sampling system in conscious mice would provide a powerful tool for a better and more detailed understanding of the physiological status of circulating hormonal changes, such as pulse or surge modes of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Frequent b...

INTRODUCTION Capillary sampling is increasingly used to obtain blood for laboratory tests in volumes as small as necessary and as non-invasively as possible. Whether capillary blood sampling is also frequent in Croatia, and whether it is performed according to international laboratory standards is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS All medical laboratories that participate in the Croatian Nationa...

Invasive prenatal diagnosis techniques include chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, cordocentesis or percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), fetal tissue sampling, as well as embryoscopy and fetoscopy (Table 2). Some diagnostic results may be obtained by more than one technique: for example, fetal karyotype can be obtained from cells from amniocentesis, chorionic villus samplin...

Invasive prenatal diagnosis techniques include chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, cordocentesis or percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), fetal tissue sampling, as well as embryoscopy and fetoscopy (Table 2). Some diagnostic results may be obtained by more than one technique: for example, fetal karyotype can be obtained from cells from amniocentesis, chorionic villus samplin...

Repeated 24 h blood sampling, which is required for time series analyses of metabolites and/or hormones that show strong fluctuations in blood concentration over time, has a higher failure rate in older adults. We tailored existing venipuncture protocols toward use for 24 h blood sampling (sampling frequency of 10 min) in older adults. The following modifications were made: •Pre-sampling: evide...

A new micro blood sampling system has been designed, fabricated, and characterized to reduce iatrogenic blood loss from the catheterized neonates and pediatrics in intensive care unit by providing micro-volume of blood to analytical biomedical microdevices which can do point-of-care testing for their critical care. The system can not only save enormous iatrogenic blood loss through 1 to 10 μL o...

Automated blood sampling (ABS) systems have been increasingly employed in biomedical research since the mid-1990s for use in pharmacokinetic, safety pharmacology, metabolism, biomarker and other studies in industry and academia. Originally conceived with the purpose of reducing animal use and stress, this article reviews the contribution of ABS systems to the 3Rs concept of Russell and Burch (1).